Lipid Metabolic Disorder Induced by Pyrethroids in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease of Xenopus laevis

Abstract

Pyrethroids, an effective and widely used class of pesticides, have attracted considerable concerns considering their frequent detection in environmental matrices. However, their potential health risks to amphibians remain unclear. In our study, female Xenopus laevis were exposed to 0, 0.06, and 0.3 μg/L typical pyrethroid, cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF), for 3 months. Elevated activities of both aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed, indicating an ongoing liver injury. Furthermore, exposure to cis-BF led to hyperlipidemia and lipid accumulation in the liver of Xenopus. The targeted lipidomic analysis further revealed that treatment with cis-BF perturbed liver steroid homeostasis, as evidenced by the enriched lipids in the steroid biosynthesis pathway. Consistent with the targeted lipidomic result, treatment with cis-BF changed the liver transcriptome profile with induction of 808 and 1230 differentially expressed genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis underlined the adverse effects of cis-BF exposure on steroid biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and the PPAR signaling pathway in the Xenopus liver. Taken together, our study revealed that exposure to cis-BF at environmentally relevant concentrations resulted in lipid metabolic disorder associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of X. laevis, and our results provided new insight into the potential long-term hazards of pyrethroids.

Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Induce Immunosuppression in THP-1 Macrophages Characterized by Disrupted Amino Acid Metabolism

“…Recently, it has been documented that immune cells can adapt to the variable microenvironment through the flexible regulation of intracellular nutrient metabolism to satisfy the energy requirements and the intermediate metabolites required during immune responses . This notion may provide an implicit recognition that disrupted cellular metabolism may act as a trigger for pollutant-induced immune dysfunction. , From the analytical and functional point of view, the exquisite immunometabolism regulating system can be an effective window into the immunotoxicity studies of pollutants.…”

Exposure to the pesticide tefluthrin causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish

“…Not surprisingly, liver toxicity was the top affected toxicity function. It has been shown recently that Xenopus laevis exposure to the pyrethroid cis-bifenthrin results in liver injury associated with impairment in lipid metabolism and NAFLD (60). In the rat model, pyrethroid exposure increases liver damage and tumorigenesis (61, 62).…”

Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations

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