Lipid, Lipoprotein, Apolipoprotein and Lipoprotein(a) Levels: Reference Intervals in a Healthy Indian Population

Ashavaid, Tester F.; Kondkar, Altaf A.; Todur, Seema P.; Dherai, Alpa J.; Morey, Jaysingh; Raghavan, Rani

doi:10.5551/jat.12.251

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…American white men had higher total cholesterol, lower HDL and triglycerides compared to American blacks whereas American white women had higher total cholesterol and triglycerides and slightly lower HDL compared to American black women (59). The observations from the present study and other published reports from India (57,58). China (60,61), Japan (62) and US (59) revealed highest total cholesterol in American men and women of all races followed by China, Japan and India.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Salient important features to highlight are relatively lower concentration of total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C Apo A-1, Apo B, Apo C-II, Apo C-III and higher concentration of triglycerides, Lp(a) in both the groups of men and women residing in Andhra Pradesh state compared to their counterparts residing in Maharashtra state of India. Apo A remained the same in both genders(57).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Reference intervals for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Lp (a), apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E in healthy South Indians from Andhra Pradesh

Malati

Mahesh

2009

Indian J Clin Biochem

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The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is steadily increasing in South East Asian countries including Indian sub continent. Many lipids, apolipoproteins and Lp (a) except HDL-C and apo A-I, A-II are implicated as risk factors for coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. There is great need to have national guidelines for each country like the ATP III guidelines recommended for U.S. population. For recommending appropriate medical decision limits, it is mandatory that each country establishes reference intervals pertaining to their population due to dietary, genetic and environmental diversity. In the present study, reference intervals for serum lipids, apolipoproteins and Lp (a) were established in a total of 1923 healthy Indian reference individuals comprising 1161 healthy men and 762 healthy women from Andhra Pradesh. For each analyte viz., serum total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, Lp (a), Apo A-I, Apo A-II, B, C-II, C-III and E, mean, two SD, median, confidence limits of mean, different percentile values are presented. The study also includes decade wise changes in each analyte and comparison of lipids, lipoproteins and Lp (a) among few populations covering U.S., India, Japan, Sweden, Finland and China. Reference Intervals for all lipid and lipoprotein parameters will immensely help in assessing associated risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in India. Additionally, the results will be beneficial in formulating our own guidelines pertaining to Indian population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Reference intervals for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Lp (a), apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E in healthy South Indians from Andhra Pradesh

Malati

Mahesh

2009

Indian J Clin Biochem

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“…In contrast, we did not observe any sex difference for apoB, which has previously been observed to be higher in adult men compared with women (17,18 ), presumably owing to the cardioprotective role of estrogen (19,20 ). Furthermore, we observed an in- To maintain respondent confidentiality (on the basis of Statistics Canada policy), each data point represents the mean of ≥11 closely associated results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Complex Reference Values for Endocrine and Special Chemistry Biomarkers across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND Defining laboratory biomarker reference values in a healthy population and understanding the fluctuations in biomarker concentrations throughout life and between sexes are critical to clinical interpretation of laboratory test results in different disease states. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) has collected blood samples and health information from the Canadian household population. In collaboration with the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER), the data have been analyzed to determine reference value distributions and reference intervals for several endocrine and special chemistry biomarkers in pediatric, adult, and geriatric age groups. METHODS CHMS collected data and blood samples from thousands of community participants aged 3 to 79 years. We used serum samples to measure 13 immunoassay-based special chemistry and endocrine markers. We assessed reference value distributions and, after excluding outliers, calculated age- and sex-specific reference intervals, along with corresponding 90% CIs, according to CLSI C28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS We observed fluctuations in biomarker reference values across the pediatric, adult, and geriatric age range, with stratification required on the basis of age for all analytes. Additional sex partitions were required for apolipoprotein AI, homocysteine, ferritin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS The unique collaboration between CALIPER and CHMS has enabled, for the first time, a detailed examination of the changes in various immunochemical markers that occur in healthy individuals of different ages. The robust age- and sex-specific reference intervals established in this study provide insight into the complex biological changes that take place throughout development and aging and will contribute to improved clinical test interpretation.

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“…In contrast, an early shortlived rise, a comparable decline, and a subsequent rise during puberty (only in Caucasians) was found in females. Observed no significant gender difference in Lp(a) levels is consistent with findings reported by several studies [23][24][25], but not by others demonstrating significantly higher Lp(a) values in females [19,22,26]. Further research is required to link the evidence concerning the effect of sex hormones on the Lp(a) metabolism in prepubertal and pubertal children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Lipoprotein(a) in Children of Asian Indian Descendants and Their Caucasian Neighbors: The Slovak Lipid Community Study

Alberty

Albertyová

2012

Ind J Clin Biochem

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To elucidate a higher rate of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asian Indian descendants (Roma) in Slovakia, we investigated frequency distribution, correlates and relationship of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] to family CVD risk factors in Roma children and their Caucasian neighbors. The study sample consisted of 607 healthy children aged 7-18 years (55% Roma, 48% male) as part of the biracial (Roma-Caucasian) Slovak Lipid Community Study. Overall, frequency distribution data of Lp(a) were highly skewed to low concentrations, with markedly higher Lp(a) levels in Roma than in Caucasian children (median and range, mg/dL: 14.5; 0-159.2 vs 6.2; 0-112.3, P \ 0.001), regardless of age and gender. Lp(a) was positively correlated with apo B (0.159, P = 0.004) in Roma, and LDL cholesterol (0.170, P = 0.005) in Caucasian children. In addition, daily income of the family was negatively related with Lp(a) in Roma (-0.134, P = 0.036) while positively in Caucasians (0.136, P = 0.047). For both race groups, no significant association was found between Lp(a) and age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, smoking, and physical activity. Also, no significant relationships were examined between serum Lp(a) levels [30 mg/dL in children and family CVD risk factors, except for diabetes mellitus in parents of Caucasian origin (OR 4.46;. In a multivariate analysis, daily income, LDL cholesterol or apo B explained *7% of the variance of Lp(a). This study suggests a significantly higher serum Lp(a) levels in Roma than in Caucasian children and a small effect, in general, of relevant CVD risk factors on the variation of Lp(a) levels in childhood.

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Lipid, Lipoprotein, Apolipoprotein and Lipoprotein(a) Levels: Reference Intervals in a Healthy Indian Population

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Reference intervals for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Lp (a), apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E in healthy South Indians from Andhra Pradesh

Reference intervals for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Lp (a), apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E in healthy South Indians from Andhra Pradesh

Complex Reference Values for Endocrine and Special Chemistry Biomarkers across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey

Lipoprotein(a) in Children of Asian Indian Descendants and Their Caucasian Neighbors: The Slovak Lipid Community Study

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