Lipid Island of the Esophagus

Remmele, W.; Engelsing, B

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1018590

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The first case of esophageal xanthoma was reported by Remmele and Engelsing in 1984 [10] and since then only 19 more cases (including our case and 4 verruciform xanthoma cases) have been reported (Table I).…”

Section: Discussion Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review

Arco

Sánchez

Aceñero

2016

JGLD

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Gastrointestinal xanthomas are infrequent non-neoplastic lesions characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the lamina propria. They are commonly seen in association with dyslipidemia, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and infections in immunosuppressed patients. However, no clear connection to hyperlipidemia has been found. They occur more frequently in the stomach, and are very rare in the small bowel and esophagus. We identified all cases of non-gastric xanthoma or xanthomatosis reported in the English literature by searching the PubMed database and retrospectively reviewed the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic features of the 11 cases of non-gastric gastrointestinal xanthomas diagnosed in our hospital. Nine lesions were located in the large bowel, one in the duodenum and one in the esophagus. All xanthomas were small (<5 mm) sessile polyps except the esophageal xanthoma, which measured 13 mm. Two cases in the large bowel and the case in the small bowel were multiple. Most patients with large bowel xanthomas had hypercholesterolemia, unlike esophageal and small bowel cases. The esophageal lesion occurred in a patient with a history of partial fundoplication due to gastroesophageal reflux disease and the small bowel case was associated to chronic atrophic gastritis with intense activity. In our search of the English literature, we found 19 cases of xanthoma or xanthomatosis in the esophagus, 13 cases in the small bowel and 61 cases in the large bowel. In conclusion, gastrointestinal xanthomas, other than the gastric ones, are rare, and are usually incidental findings. Abbreviations: AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CESD: Cholesterol ester storage disease; ChT: Chemotherapy; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; HCL: Hypercholesterolemia; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HPV: Human papilloma virus; MAI: Mycobacterium avium intracellulare; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; RT: Radiotherapy.

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Section: Discussion Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…As for the pathogenesis, Remmele and Engelsing [10] considered that toxic factors from the intestinal lumen damage the mucosa, and colorectal xanthoma could be a sign of previous mild damage. The cause of damage may be focal occult infection or a mechanical force of the feces.…”

Section: Large Bowelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review

Arco

Sánchez

Aceñero

2016

JGLD

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“…However, xanthoma and VX of the esophagus are extremely rare. Since the first report by Remmele and Engelsing2 only 13 cases of esophageal xanthoma have been reported,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and since the report by Herrera-Goepfert et al,10 only four cases of VX of the esophagus have been reported 10,11,12,13. The etiologies of both lesions are not understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthoma of the Esophagus

et al. 2014

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Xanthoma is an uncommon nonneoplastic lesion resulting from the accumulation of histiocytes. It predominantly shows cutaneous manifestations associated with dyslipidemia. However, xanthoma of the esophagus is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only 14 cases have been reported thus far. The clinical significance of this lesion has not been established. However, this lesion should be distinguished grossly from ectopic sebaceous glands and small subepithelial tumors such as carcinoid and granular cell tumor. Moreover, signet ring cell carcinoma, which contains round cells with abundant cytoplasm and has similar histologic features to xanthoma, should be distinguished microscopically.

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“…[2][3][4] However, esophageal and duodenal locations of xanthelasmas are very rare; only three patients with esophageal and one with duodenal xanthelasma have been reported to date. [5][6][7][8][9] Upper GI xanthelasmas have a typical endoscopic appearance of yellow-white, well-demarcated, single or multiple nodules or plaques, with a size varying from 1 to 10mm in diameter. 10,11 Being incidental lesions, xanthelasmas are generally asymptomatic, and the complaints of symptomatic patients are unlikely to be related to xanthelasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of a search in PubMed (National Institutes of Health, United States) with the key words of "xanthelasma", "xanthoma", and "lipid islands" yielded only three reported patients with the lesion in the esophagus, one in the duodenum, and one within a gastric hyperplastic polyp. [5][6][7][8][9] Patients and methods Seventeen patients who had the diagnosis of xanthelasma in the upper GI tract at the Marmara University Institute of Gastroenterology and at the Hospital of Marmara University Medical School Foundation between January 1998 and December 2002 were analyzed retrospectively with respect to their demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthelasmas of the upper gastrointestinal tract

Gençosmanoğlu

Sen-Oran

Kurtkaya-Yapıcıer

et al. 2004

Journal of Gastroenterology

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The incidence of upper gastrointestinal xanthelasmas in 7320 patients who had upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy was 0.23%. There were 9 (53%) men and 8 (47%) women, with a median age of 50 years (range, 24-80 years). The most common location of xanthelasmas was the stomach (76%), followed by the esophagus (12%) and duodenum (12%). All lesions were observed as yellow-white colored plaques at endoscopy. Multiple xanthelasmas were detected in 4 patients (24%); in the duodenum in 2, esophagus in 1, and stomach in 1. One patient had xanthelasma within a gastric hyperplastic polyp. The size of the lesion was less than 5 mm in diameter in 14 (82%) patients and between 5 and 10 mm in diameter in 3 (18%). Thirteen (76%) patients had moderate to severe atrophic gastritis, while the remainder had normal gastric mucosa. CONCLUSIONS. Xanthelasmas of the upper gastrointestinal tract were mostly located in the stomach in the present series, which includes the second and third reported cases of duodenal xanthelasma, the second case of xanthelasma developed within a hyperplastic gastric polyp, and the fourth and the fifth cases of esophageal xanthelasma.

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Lipid Island of the Esophagus

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review

Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review

Xanthoma of the Esophagus

Xanthelasmas of the upper gastrointestinal tract

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