Lipid in Chips: A Brief Review of Liposomes Formation by Microfluidics

Guo, Zhang; Sun, Jiaming

doi:10.2147/ijn.s331639

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…The porous membrane module can be regenerated by washing (flushing) with a water/ethanol mixture [65,[136][137][138]. Recent innovations of the microfluidic technique includes the continuous flow liposomes formation, based on the transmembrane pH (or ion) concentration gradient, which is created by using an on-chip microdialysis membrane [134,135]. By using a thermoplastic microfabrication method, it has been possible to develop fully integrated microfluidic devices that favors a low-cost (scale-up) technology for the production of liposomal nanocarriers, in a (continuous) flow process.…”

Section: Membrane Contactor Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using a thermoplastic microfabrication method, it has been possible to develop fully integrated microfluidic devices that favors a low-cost (scale-up) technology for the production of liposomal nanocarriers, in a (continuous) flow process. This integrated method (called pharmacy-on-a-chip) allows for the large-scale production (at about 100 mg/h lipid) of a new generation of fully optimized, multi-agent, and targeted liposomal nanoformulations [ 134 , 135 ].…”

Section: Novel Technologies For Liposome Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods of Liposomes Preparation: Formation and Control Factors of Versatile Nanocarriers for Biomedical and Nanomedicine Application

2022

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Liposomes are nano-sized spherical vesicles composed of an aqueous core surrounded by one (or more) phospholipid bilayer shells. Owing to their high biocompatibility, chemical composition variability, and ease of preparation, as well as their large variety of structural properties, liposomes have been employed in a large variety of nanomedicine and biomedical applications, including nanocarriers for drug delivery, in nutraceutical fields, for immunoassays, clinical diagnostics, tissue engineering, and theranostics formulations. Particularly important is the role of liposomes in drug-delivery applications, as they improve the performance of the encapsulated drugs, reducing side effects and toxicity by enhancing its in vitro- and in vivo-controlled delivery and activity. These applications stimulated a great effort for the scale-up of the formation processes in view of suitable industrial development. Despite the improvements of conventional approaches and the development of novel routes of liposome preparation, their intrinsic sensitivity to mechanical and chemical actions is responsible for some critical issues connected with a limited colloidal stability and reduced entrapment efficiency of cargo molecules. This article analyzes the main features of the formation and fabrication techniques of liposome nanocarriers, with a special focus on the structure, parameters, and the critical factors that influence the development of a suitable and stable formulation. Recent developments and new methods for liposome preparation are also discussed, with the objective of updating the reader and providing future directions for research and development.

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Section: Membrane Contactor Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Novel Technologies For Liposome Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Liposomes Preparation: Formation and Control Factors of Versatile Nanocarriers for Biomedical and Nanomedicine Application

2022

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“…However, these methods can cause liposome destruction and release of the encapsulated drug. Among them, dialysis is the most gentle, but also the most time-consuming and instrumentally challenging one [ 44 , 45 ]. Gel filtration and centrifugation are thus used more often.…”

Section: Analysis and Characterization Of Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liposomes: preparation and characterization with a special focus on the application of capillary electrophoresis

2022

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Liposomes are nowadays a matter of tremendous interest. Due to their amphiphilic character, various substances with different properties can be incorporated into them and they are especially suitable as a model system for controlled transport of bioactive substances and drugs to the final destination in the body; for example, COVID-19 vaccines use liposomes as a carrier of mRNA. Liposomes mimicking composition of various biological membranes can be prepared with a proper choice of the lipids used, which proved to be important tool in the early drug development. This review deals with commonly used methods for the preparation and characterization of liposomes which is essential for their later use. The alternative capillary electrophoresis methods for physico-chemical characterization such as determination of membrane permeability of liposome, its size and charge, and encapsulation efficiency are included. Two different layouts using liposomes to yield more efficient separation of various analytes are also presented, capillary electrochromatography, and liposomal electrokinetic chromatography. Graphical abstract

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“…Moreover, biomolecules such as peptides or membrane proteins can be denatured by the external energy exerted during these manufacturing processes 18 . Therefore, there has recently been a shift away from these bulk methods for preparing liposomes, with attention now being focused on micro uidic methods [19][20][21] ; these methods enable the ow to be controlled precisely, such that monodispersed, nano-sized liposomes can be synthesized. These micro uidic methods for preparing liposomes are classi ed by the type of solvent employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise control of liposome size using characteristic time depends on solvent type and membrane properties

Choi

Kang

Yang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Controlling the sizes of liposomes is critical in drug delivery systems because it directly influences their cellular uptake, transportation, and accumulation behavior. Although hydrodynamic focusing has frequently been employed when synthesizing nano-sized liposomes, little is known regarding how flow characteristics determine liposome formation. Here, various sizes of homogeneous liposomes (50–400 nm) were prepared according to flow rate ratios in two solvents, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Relatively small liposomes formed in ethanol due to its low viscosity and high diffusivity, whereas larger, more poly-dispersed liposomes formed when using IPA as a solvent. This difference was investigated via numerical simulations using the characteristic time factor to predict the liposome size; this approach was also used to examine the flow characteristics inside the microfluidic channel. In case of the liposomes, the membrane rigidity also has a critical role in determining their size. The addition of cholesterol enhanced membrane properties such that the liposome size increased (40–530 nm). However, the interposition of short-chain lipids de-aligned the bilayer membrane, leading to its degradation; this decreased the liposome size. Adding short-chain lipids linearly decreased the liposome size (130–230 nm), but at a shallower gradient than that of cholesterol. This analytical study expands the understanding of microfluidic environment in the liposome synthesis by offering design parameters and their relation to the size of liposomes.

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Lipid in Chips: A Brief Review of Liposomes Formation by Microfluidics

Cited by 45 publications

References 178 publications

Methods of Liposomes Preparation: Formation and Control Factors of Versatile Nanocarriers for Biomedical and Nanomedicine Application

Methods of Liposomes Preparation: Formation and Control Factors of Versatile Nanocarriers for Biomedical and Nanomedicine Application

Liposomes: preparation and characterization with a special focus on the application of capillary electrophoresis

Precise control of liposome size using characteristic time depends on solvent type and membrane properties

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