Lipid droplets in plants: More than a simple fat storage

Moigne, Damien Le; Guéguen, Nolwenn; Salvaing, Juliette

doi:10.1016/bs.abr.2021.07.004

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…A prominent line of investigation in OB metabolism has been focused on analyzing OB proteomes to identify OB-associated proteins and their role in various OB-mediated processes. It has been revealed that OB proteomes are subject to considerable alterations with different stages, like seed development, germination, and seedling growth, which further reinforces the dynamic nature of these organelles or may, by contrast, be indicative of their transformation into different forms concomitant with the progressive stages of the process 4 . Interestingly, a few proteomic studies have also reported the occurrence of aquaporins, the water channels, on OB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…TAG hydrolysis is mediated by lipid hydrolytic enzymes, including lipases and lipoxygenases (LOX) 8 , 9 . Two pathways of OB mobilization have been identified in plants, i.e., lipolysis and more recently described lipophagy 3 , 4 . During lipolysis, lipases catalyze hydrolytic cleavage of the fatty acid ester bonds in TAGs, producing glycerol and free fatty acids as a result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to their developmental roles, OBs have also been linked to plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses 3 , 4 . Exposure to abiotic stresses induces accumulation of OBs as that seen in the leaves of heat- or cold-stressed plants, possibly as a mechanism of removal of excess toxic-free fatty acids and also as a reservoir for energy molecules under nutrient deficiency to support a restart with the onset of favorable conditions 3 , 4 . OBs are also implicated in the production of oxylipins and anti-pathogenic compounds as defense mechanisms for biotic agents as well as in serving as a platform for the detoxification of xenobiotics 19–21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamine depletion enhances oil body mobilization through possible regulation of oleosin degradation and aquaporin abundance on its membrane

Tailor

Bhatla

2023

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Oil body (OB) mobilization, a crucial event associated with early seedling growth, is delayed in response to salt stress. Previous reports suggest that careful regulation of polyamine (PA) metabolism is essential for salt stress tolerance in plants. Many aspects of PA-mediated regulation of metabolism have been uncovered. However, their role in the process of OB mobilization remains unexplored. Interestingly, the present investigations reveal a possible influence of PA homeostasis on OB mobilization, while implicating complex regulation of oleosin degradation and aquaporin abundance in OB membranes in the process. Application of PA inhibitors resulted in the accumulation of smaller OBs when compared to control (−NaCl) and the salt-stressed counterparts, suggesting a faster rate of mobilization. PA deficit also resulted in reduced retention of some larger oleosins under controlled conditions but enhanced retention of all oleosins under salt stress. Additionally, with respect to aquaporins, a higher abundance of PIP2 under PA deficit both under control and saline conditions, is correlated with a faster mobilization of OBs. Contrarily, TIP1s, and TIP2s remained almost undetectable in response to PA depletion and were differentially regulated by salt stress. The present work, thus, provides novel insights into PA homeostasis-mediated regulation of OB mobilization, oleosin degradation, and aquaporin abundance on OB membranes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamine depletion enhances oil body mobilization through possible regulation of oleosin degradation and aquaporin abundance on its membrane

Tailor

Bhatla

2023

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…However, lipid consumption as an energy source has been largely ignored in the geometric framework for nutrition studies of herbivores because it is thought that carbohydrates make up the majority of the NP energy in foliage [10,[22][23][24]. However, many herbivores can have access to lipid-rich food sources, such as seeds [25], suggesting they may differentiate between C and L food sources if it is important for fitness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target for lipid-to-carbohydrate intake minimizes cost of growth

Talal,

Chahal,

Osgood

et al. 2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Many theoretical treatments of foraging use energy as currency, with carbohydrates and lipids considered interchangeable as energy sources. However, herbivores must often synthesize lipids from carbohydrates since they are in short supply in plants, theoretically increasing the cost of growth. We tested whether a generalist insect herbivore ( Locusta migratoria ) can improve its growth efficiency by consuming lipids, and whether these locusts have a preferred caloric intake ratio of carbohydrate to lipid (C : L). Locusts fed pairs of isocaloric, isoprotein diets differing in C and L consistently selected a 2C : 1L target. Locusts reared on isocaloric, isoprotein 3C : 0L diets attained similar final body masses and lipid contents to locusts fed the 2C : 1L diet, but they ate more and had a ~12% higher metabolic rate, indicating an energetic cost for lipogenesis. These results demonstrate that some animals can selectively regulate carbohydrate-to-lipid intake and that consumption of dietary lipids can improve growth efficiency.

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“…Oil bodies or lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytosol are the subcellular storage compartments of seeds comprising of the hydrophobic core of neutral lipids comprising of TAGs and enclosed by phospholipid monolayer [ 2 , 3 ]. These nutrient reservoirs act as pillars of seed endurance during drought and desiccation while providing nutrients to plants during germination and post-germination growth when the seedling is incapable of photosynthesis [ 4 ]. The LD function is determined by its proteome and it is estimated that around 200 proteins are associated regardless of species [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring selection signatures in the divergence and evolution of lipid droplet (LD) associated genes in major oilseed crops

Parakkunnel,

Vanishree

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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Background Oil bodies or lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytosol are the subcellular storage compartments of seeds and the sites of lipid metabolism providing energy to the germinating seeds. Major LD-associated proteins are lipoxygenases, phospholipaseD, oleosins, TAG-lipases, steroleosins, caleosins and SEIPINs; involved in facilitating germination and enhancing peroxidation resulting in off-flavours. However, how natural selection is balancing contradictory processes in lipid-rich seeds remains evasive. The present study was aimed at the prediction of selection signatures among orthologous clades in major oilseeds and the correlation of selection effect with gene expression. Results The LD-associated genes from the major oil-bearing crops were analyzed to predict natural selection signatures in phylogenetically close-knit ortholog clusters to understand adaptive evolution. Positive selection was the major force driving the evolution and diversification of orthologs in a lineage-specific manner. Significant positive selection effects were found in 94 genes particularly in oleosin and TAG-lipases, purifying with excess of non-synonymous substitution in 44 genes while 35 genes were neutral to selection effects. No significant selection impact was noticed in Brassicaceae as against LOX genes of oil palm. A heavy load of deleterious mutations affecting selection signatures was detected in T-lineage oleosins and LOX genes of Arachis hypogaea. The T-lineage oleosin genes were involved in mainly anther, tapetum and anther wall morphogenesis. In Ricinus communis and Sesamum indicum > 85% of PLD genes were under selection whereas selection pressures were low in Brassica juncea and Helianthus annuus. Steroleosin, caleosin and SEIPINs with large roles in lipid droplet organization expressed mostly in seeds and were under considerable positive selection pressures. Expression divergence was evident among paralogs and homeologs with one gene attaining functional superiority compared to the other. The LOX gene Glyma.13g347500 associated with off-flavor was not expressed during germination, rather its paralog Glyma.13g347600 showed expression in Glycine max. PLD-α genes were expressed on all the tissues except the seed,δ genes in seed and meristem while β and γ genes expressed in the leaf. Conclusions The genes involved in seed germination and lipid metabolism were under strong positive selection, although species differences were discernable. The present study identifies suitable candidate genes enhancing seed oil content and germination wherein directional selection can become more fruitful.

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Lipid droplets in plants: More than a simple fat storage

Cited by 7 publications

References 147 publications

Polyamine depletion enhances oil body mobilization through possible regulation of oleosin degradation and aquaporin abundance on its membrane

Polyamine depletion enhances oil body mobilization through possible regulation of oleosin degradation and aquaporin abundance on its membrane

Target for lipid-to-carbohydrate intake minimizes cost of growth

Exploring selection signatures in the divergence and evolution of lipid droplet (LD) associated genes in major oilseed crops

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