Lipid droplets in plants and algae: Distribution, formation, turnover and function

Ischebeck, Till; Krawczyk, Hannah Elisa; Mullen, Robert T.; Dyer, John M.; Chapman, Kent D.

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.014

Cited by 74 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…Collectively, these results reinforce the fact that WRI1 and ABI3, as the master regulators of oil accumulation, do not only regulate gene expressions involved in fatty acid synthesis, but also control the expression of genes encoding for seed-speci c oil-body storage proteins [58,66,75,76]. Therefore, WRI1related regulation network of oil production in yellow nutsedge is most likely to differ either from oil seeds or oil fruits, possibly tuber-speci c.…”

Section: Great Transcriptional Divergence Of Tag Storage Genes Betweesupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Therefore, all these results might imply the important roles of these oil body proteins particularly oleosin in stabilizing TAG and producing high oil content in yellow nutsedge. Previous studies have shown that oleosin is accumulated in a coincident manner with TAG accumulation and the abundant expression of oleosin is associated with high oil content in seeds [53,54,55,56,57,58].…”

Section: Great Transcriptional Divergence Of Tag Storage Genes Betweementioning

confidence: 98%

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High Oil Accumulation in Tuber of Yellow Nutsedge Compared to Purple Nutsedge is Associated with More Abundant Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Synthesis and Triacylglycerol Storage

Liu

Yang

2020

Preprint

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Background: Yellow nutsedge is a specific plant species that can accumulate up to 35% oil of tuber dry weight, perhaps the highest level observed in the tuber tissues of plant kingdom. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism that leads to high oil accumulation in yellow nutsedge, gene expression profiles of oil production pathways involved carbon metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, triacylglycerol synthesis, and triacylglycerol storage during tuber development were compared with purple nutsedge, a very close relative of yellow nutsedge that is poor in oil accumulation. Results: Compared with purple nutsedge, the high oil content in yellow nutsedge was associated with much higher transcripts for seed-like oil-body proteins, almost all fatty acid synthesis enzymes, and specific key enzymes of plastid Rubisco bypass as well as malate and pyruvate metabolism. However, transcript levels for carbon metabolism toward pyruvate generation were comparable and for triacylglycerol synthesis were similar in both species. Two seed-like master transcription factors ABI3 and WRI1 were found to display similar temporal transcript patterns but be expressed at 6.5- and 14.3-fold higher levels in yellow nutsedge than in purple nutsedge, respectively. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that ABI3 is in strong transcriptional coordination with WRI1 and other key oil-related genes. Conclusions: Together, these results implied that plastidial pyruvate availability and fatty acid synthesis, along with triacylglycerol storage in oil body, rather than triacylglycerol synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum, are the major factors responsible for high oil production in tuber of yellow nutsedge, and ABI3 is most likely to play a critical role in regulating oil accumulation. This study is of significance in deep understanding the molecular mechanism controlling carbon partitioning toward oil production in oil-rich tuber and provides a valuable reference for enhancing oil accumulation in non-seed tissues of crops through genetic breeding or metabolic engineering.

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Section: Great Transcriptional Divergence Of Tag Storage Genes Betweesupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Great Transcriptional Divergence Of Tag Storage Genes Betweementioning

confidence: 98%

High Oil Accumulation in Tuber of Yellow Nutsedge Compared to Purple Nutsedge is Associated with More Abundant Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Synthesis and Triacylglycerol Storage

Liu

Yang

2020

Preprint

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“…The formation of cytoplasmic LDs from the surface of the ER is a process that is broadly conserved in all eukaryotes; however, many of the underlying protein components vary among organisms, or even among tissues in the same organism (Chapman et al, 2012(Chapman et al, , 2019Pyc et al, 2017;Ischebeck et al, 2020). One conserved component that is present across all kingdoms investigated to date is the SEIPIN protein complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEIPIN Isoforms Interact with the Membrane-Tethering Protein VAP27-1 for Lipid Droplet Formation

et al. 2020

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SEIPIN proteins are localized to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-lipid droplet (LD) junctions where they mediate the directional formation of LDs into the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. Unlike in animal and yeast cells, which have single SEIPIN genes, plants have three distinct SEIPIN isoforms encoded by separate genes. The mechanism of SEIPIN action remains poorly understood, and here we demonstrate that part of the function of two SEIPIN isoforms in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), AtSEIPIN2 and AtSEIPIN3, may depend on their interaction with the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein (VAP) family member AtVAP27-1. VAPs have well-established roles in the formation of membrane contact sites and lipid transfer between the ER and other organelles, and here, we used a combination of biochemical, cell biology, and genetics approaches to show that AtVAP27-1 interacts with the N termini of AtSEIPIN2 and AtSEIPIN3 and likely supports the normal formation of LDs. This insight indicates that the ER membrane tethering machinery in plant cells could play a role with select SEIPIN isoforms in LD biogenesis at the ER, and additional experimental evidence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae supports the possibility that this interaction may be important in other eukaryotic systems.

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“…It has also been shown that LD numbers and TAG levels increase under abiotic stress in several species across the green lineage [1]. One function of TAG synthesis under stress could be to safely lock away acyl chains derived from membrane lipid breakdown and remodeling, including acyl chains derived from plastidial lipids, to prevent the accumulation of free fatty acids that can be disruptive to membranes.…”

Section: Glossarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ties between Stress and Lipid Droplets Pre-date Seeds

Vries

Ischebeck

2020

Trends in Plant Science

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Seeds were a key evolutionary innovation. These durable structures provide a concerted solution to two challenges on land: dispersal and stress. Lipid droplets (LDs) that act as nutrient storage reservoirs are one of the main cellbiological reasons for seed endurance. Although LDs are key structures in spermatophytes and are especially abundant in seeds, they are found across plants and algae, and increase during stress. Further, the proteins that underpin their form and function often have deep homologs. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which (i) the generation of LDs arose as a mechanism to mediate general drought and desiccation resilience, and (ii) the required protein framework was co-opted by spermatophytes for a seed-specific program. The Formation of LDs Is a Hallmark Stress Response of Green Organisms Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs, see Glossary) of plants are best known as the subcellular storage compartments of seeds. However, this captures neither the diversity of LD function nor the diversity of photosynthetic organisms in which LDs occur [1,2]. Several recent reviews have highlighted the diverse functions of LDs in plants [1-4], and we focus here on the deep evolutionary roots of the links between stress physiology and LD formation.

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Lipid droplets in plants and algae: Distribution, formation, turnover and function

Cited by 74 publications

References 172 publications

High Oil Accumulation in Tuber of Yellow Nutsedge Compared to Purple Nutsedge is Associated with More Abundant Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Synthesis and Triacylglycerol Storage

High Oil Accumulation in Tuber of Yellow Nutsedge Compared to Purple Nutsedge is Associated with More Abundant Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Synthesis and Triacylglycerol Storage

SEIPIN Isoforms Interact with the Membrane-Tethering Protein VAP27-1 for Lipid Droplet Formation

Ties between Stress and Lipid Droplets Pre-date Seeds

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