Lipid composition of the spongeVerongia aerophoba from the Canary Islands

Nechev, Jordan; Christie, William W.; Robaina, Rafael R.; Diego, Fernando de; Попов, Симеон; Stefanov, Kamen

doi:10.1002/1438-9312(200212)104:12<800::aid-ejlt800>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Aplysina (syn. Verongia) aerophoba and other verongid sponges display an unusually high level of fatty acid diversity, many of the fatty acids being methyl branched, indicating a microbial origin (29). Taking the common presence of mid-chain-branched alkanes in fossil sediments and fuels into account, the intriguing hypothesis has been put forward that microbial producers of methylated fatty acids were widespread in the past but are largely extinct today (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Widespread Occurrence and Genomic Context of Unusually Small Polyketide Synthase Genes in Microbial Consortia Associated with Marine Sponges

Fieseler

Hentschel

Grozdanov

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Numerous marine sponges harbor enormous amounts of as-yet-uncultivated bacteria in their tissues. There is increasing evidence that these symbionts play an important role in the synthesis of protective metabolites, many of which are of great pharmacological interest. In this study, genes for the biosynthesis of polyketides, one of the most important classes of bioactive natural products, were systematically investigated in 20 demosponge species from different oceans. Unexpectedly, the sponge metagenomes were dominated by a ubiquitously present, evolutionarily distinct, and highly sponge-specific group of polyketide synthases (PKSs). Open reading frames resembling animal fatty acid genes were found on three corresponding DNA regions isolated from the metagenomes of Theonella swinhoei and Aplysina aerophoba. Their architecture suggests that methyl-branched fatty acids are the metabolic product. According to a phylogenetic analysis of housekeeping genes, at least one of the PKSs belongs to a bacterium of the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum. The results provide new insights into the chemistry of sponge symbionts and allow inference of a detailed phylogeny of the diverse functional PKS types present in sponge metagenomes. Based on these qualitative and quantitative data, we propose a significantly simplified strategy for the targeted isolation of biomedically relevant PKS genes from complex sponge-symbiont associations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Widespread Occurrence and Genomic Context of Unusually Small Polyketide Synthase Genes in Microbial Consortia Associated with Marine Sponges

Fieseler

Hentschel

Grozdanov

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Important PUFAs such as C20:5 (5,8,11,14,17) and C20:4 (5,8,11,14) were present in the species collected from depth (0.43% and 2%, respectively), while these were not found in the species collected from shallow water. It was revealed that the % composition of saturated straight chain fatty acids was greater in sp.…”

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confidence: 54%

“…Most work has been done on analyzing the fatty acid composition of the same species from two different regions [5,6]. But no work related to the comparative study of fatty acid composition of the same sponge collected from two different depths of the same region could be found in the literature.…”

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confidence: 54%

“…The sponge species collected from 28 m depth is found to contain 58.94% of unsaturated fatty acids, which includes 52.87% of C26:2 (5,9), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), while the sponge collected from 13 m depth was found to contain 46.75% of unsaturated fatty acids, which includes 42.75% of C26:2 (5,9). Important PUFAs such as C20:5 (5,8,11,14,17) and C20:4 (5,8,11,14) were present in the species collected from depth (0.43% and 2%, respectively), while these were not found in the species collected from shallow water.…”

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confidence: 88%

“…The presence of a high concentration of a polymethyl-branched fatty acid, i.e., phytanic acid, and a demospongic acid (C26:2, Δ 5,9) were identified in both specimen, but the % composition of both acids were more in the species collected from depth than the species collected from shallow water. Important polyunsaturated fatty acids like 5,8,11,8,11,14, were also found in depth species which were absent in the species collected from shallow water. Antimicrobial screening of the lipid extracts of A. carteri was also studied against different pathogens.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Composition of the lipophilic extract from the sponge Axinella carteri collected from the Bay of Bengal of the Orissa coast

Mishra

Sree

2008

Chem Nat Compd

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547.915The composition of the lipophilic extract from the two specimen of the sponge Axinella carteri (Dendy) collected from two different depths of the Bay of Bengal of the Orissa coast were investigated. Fatty acids, as well as volatile compounds and sterols, were identified. A high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids was identified from depth species compared to the species collected from shallow water. The presence of a high concentration of a polymethyl-branched fatty acid, i.e., phytanic acid, and a demospongic acid (C26:2, Δ 5,9) were identified in both specimen, but the % composition of both acids were more in the species collected from depth than the species collected from shallow water. Important polyunsaturated fatty acids like 5,8,11,8,11,14, were also found in depth species which were absent in the species collected from shallow water. Antimicrobial screening of the lipid extracts of A. carteri was also studied against different pathogens.This work aims at extending knowledge on sponge lipids, especially for the genus Axinella (Dendy). Earlier bioactive alkaloids and cyclopeptides have been isolated from the tropical marine sponge Axinella carteri (Dendy) [1,2]. Previously bioactive pyrrole-derived alkaloids and triterpenes have been isolated from other Axinella sp. [3,4]. But much less work has been done in analyzing the fatty acid composition of these bioactive marine sponges. Differences in the lipid composition of the sponge from the two collection sites could have adaptive value. There are no investigations on the fatty acid composition of the A. carteri (Dendy) collected from the Bay of Bengal of the Orissa coast. We report here the total fatty acid composition of sponge species A. carteri (Dendy) collected from two different depths (13 m depth and 28 m depth) of the Bay of Bengal of the Orissa Coast. Antimicrobial screening of the lipid extracts of A. carteri was also studied against different pathogens.GC-MS analysis of the total lipid of the sponge A. carteri (Dendy) collected from two different depths of the Bay of Bengal of Orissa showed marked differences in their fatty acid composition (Table 1). The sponge species collected from 28 m depth contained a greater number of fatty acids when compared to the species collected from 13 m depth.The sponge species collected from 28 m depth is found to contain 58.94% of unsaturated fatty acids, which includes 52.87% of C26:2(5,9), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), while the sponge collected from 13 m depth was found to contain 46.75% of unsaturated fatty acids, which includes 42.75% of C26:2(5,9). Important PUFAs such as C20:5(5,8,11,14,17) and C20:4(5,8,11,14) were present in the species collected from depth (0.43% and 2%, respectively), while these were not found in the species collected from shallow water. It was revealed that the % composition of saturated straight chain fatty acids was greater in sp. collected from shallow water (30.31%) when compared to the species collected from depth (6.42%), which is an important finding in...

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Linking Chemical and Microbial Diversity in Marine Sponges: Possible Role for Poribacteria as Producers of Methyl‐Branched Fatty Acids

et al. 2010

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Many marine sponges contain massive numbers of largely uncultivated, phylogenetically diverse bacteria that seem to be important contributors to the chemistry of these animals. Insights into the diversity, origin, distribution, and function of their metabolic gene communities are crucial to dissect the chemical ecology and biotechnological potential of sponge symbionts. This study reveals a sharp dichotomy between high and low microbial abundance sponges with respect to polyketide synthase (PKS) gene content, the presence of methyl-branched fatty acids, and the presence of members of the symbiotic candidate phylum "Poribacteria". For the symbiont-rich sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis, a source of the tubulin-inhibiting fijianolides (=laulimalides), near-exhaustive large-scale sequencing of PKS gene-derived PCR amplicons was conducted. Although these amplicons exhibit high diversity at the sequence level, almost all of them belong to a single, architecturally unique group of PKSs present in "Poribacteria" and are proposed to synthesize methyl-branched fatty acids. Three components of this PKS were studied in vitro, providing initial insight into its biochemistry.

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Lipid composition of the spongeVerongia aerophoba from the Canary Islands

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Widespread Occurrence and Genomic Context of Unusually Small Polyketide Synthase Genes in Microbial Consortia Associated with Marine Sponges

Widespread Occurrence and Genomic Context of Unusually Small Polyketide Synthase Genes in Microbial Consortia Associated with Marine Sponges

Composition of the lipophilic extract from the sponge Axinella carteri collected from the Bay of Bengal of the Orissa coast

Linking Chemical and Microbial Diversity in Marine Sponges: Possible Role for Poribacteria as Producers of Methyl‐Branched Fatty Acids

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