Lipid composition of human serum lipoproteins

Skipski, Vladimir P.; Barclay, Marion; Barclay, Ralph K.; Fetzer, Valentina; Good, James J.; Archibald, F. M.

doi:10.1042/bj1040340

Cited by 298 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…8). Consistent with this hypothesis, we detected no PA production either in platelet supernatants or in plasma, and the PA concentration of plasma is low (36,38). Therefore, it is the catalytic mechanism of LPLD, which requires a free sn2 hydroxyl that precludes the conversion of diacyl phospholipids to PA and sn2 lysolipids to LPA.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 72%

Multiple Mechanisms Linked to Platelet Activation Result in Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Generation in Blood

Sano¹,

Baker²,

Virág³

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

242

239

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Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph1P) production was examined in vitro under conditions that simulated blood clotting. Several approaches were utilized to elucidate the metabolic pathways. 1) Platelet phospholipids were labeled using [ 32 P]orthophosphate, and the production of [ 32 P]Sph1P and LPA was examined. Thrombin stimulation of platelets resulted in rapid secretion of Sph1P stored within the platelet. In contrast, LPA was neither stored within nor secreted from platelets. Nonetheless, extracellular levels of LPA gradually increased following stimulation. 2) Stable-isotope dilution mass spectrometry was used to quantify the molecular species of LPA generated from platelets in vitro. Only 10% of the LPA generated following thrombin stimulation was associated with platelets, the remaining 90% was contained within the extracellular medium. The acyl composition of LPA produced by platelets differed depending on the presence or absence of plasma in the incubation. 3) The fate of exogenously added fluorescent phospholipid analogs was determined. Incubation of [(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]dodecanoyl-(NBD)-labeled phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine with the supernatant fractions from thrombin-stimulated platelets yielded no LPA production. However, these lipids were converted to the corresponding lysolipids by released PLA 1 and PLA 2 activities. When incubated with plasma or serum the NBD-labeled lysophospholipids were readily converted to LPA. Inhibitors of lysophospholipase D and the biological activity of LPA were detected in plasma. These results suggest that the bulk of LPA produced through platelet activation results from the sequential cleavage of phospholipids to lysophospholipids by released phospholipases A 1 and A 2 and then to LPA by plasma lysophospholipase D.Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) 1 and sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph1P) are phospholipid mediators with pleiotropic growth factor properties that elicit their actions via the activation of G protein-coupled receptors encoded by the endothelial differentiation gene family (1, 2). Several investigators have identified platelets as the source of Sph1P and LPA. However, contradictions exist in the literature concerning the mechanisms by which these mediators are generated. Although some investigators found no Sph1P generation in thrombin-activated platelets (3), others reported as much as 0.5 M Sph1P in human serum (4). Although it is generally agreed that LPA is generated in thrombin-activated platelets (3, 5, 6), the rate of production found at 0.02 nmol/min/10 9 platelet cannot account for the 5-10 M concentration detected in human serum (7). During the first hour of blood clotting the concentration of LPA increases ϳ300 nM; however, its production continues and an additional 5 M is added to serum during the first 24 h, a time course that is hard to reconcile with that of platelet activation and consequently of platelet only origin. Gerrard and Robinson (6) quantified the molecul...

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 72%

Multiple Mechanisms Linked to Platelet Activation Result in Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Generation in Blood

Sano¹,

Baker²,

Virág³

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

242

239

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“…Minor bioactive HDL lipids include diacylglycerides, monoacylglicerides, and free fatty acids ( 4,31,32,38,39 ). Lipidomic characterization of these lipid classes in HDL remains to be performed.…”

Section: Minor Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the complexities of the HDL lipidome

Kontush

Lhomme

Chapman

2013

Journal of Lipid Research

308

247

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org For many years, HDL lipids were predominantly characterized in terms of the content of their major classes, notably phospholipids, unesterifi ed (free) sterols (predominantly cholesterol), cholesteryl esters, and triglycerides. Cholesterol is the most characteristic component of the HDL lipidome as, in the form of HDL-cholesterol, it represents a major independent negative risk factor for cardiovascular disease (see other reviews in this Thematic Series). It is not cholesterol, however, but phospholipids that quantitatively predominate in the HDL lipidome, accounting, together with sphingomyelin (SM), for 40-60 wt% of total lipid, with lesser proportions of cholesteryl esters (30-40%), triglycerides (5-12%), and free cholesterol (5-10%). Structurally, individual HDL lipid classes fulfi ll distinct functions; phospholipids constitute the surface lipid monolayer of HDL, whereas cholesteryl esters and triglycerides form the hydrophobic lipid core. Unesterifi ed sterols are predominantly located to the surface monolayer, partially penetrating the core.Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled application of this powerful technique to provide a detailed identifi cation and quantifi cation of individual molecular species of lipids in the framework of the fi eld known as lipidomics. Application of this approach to plasma lipoproteins has revealed complex profi les consisting of hundreds of molecular lipid species that have been quantifi ed in major lipoprotein classes, including HDL (reviewed in Refs. 1-3 High density lipoproteins (HDL) are small, dense, protein-rich particles compared with other plasma lipoprotein classes. Despite the elevated abundance of multiple structural and functional proteins in HDL particles (see other reviews in this Thematic Series), roughly half of total HDL mass is accounted for by lipid components.

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“…3, Rf values of spots 1, 2 and 3 coincided with those of cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine of Escherichia coil, respectively. All spots stained blue with DITTMER-LESTER reagent (15) and spot 3 stained purple with ninhydrin reagent (16). Spot 4 was unknown.…”

Section: Fractionation Of Lipidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of autoplast membrane of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum.

Ogata

Yoshino

Okuma

et al. 1982

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The chemical composition of bacterial protoplasmic membrane was studied using Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum ATCC 13564. The membrane was prepared from the autoplasts. The purity of prepared membrane was certified by chemical analysis for the existence of diaminopimelic acid due to contaminated cell wall debris and of adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in its preparation, and also by electron microscopic observation for the existence of contaminated cell wall debris. The membrane composition was made up of lipid (26 %), protein (65 %), carbohydrate (2%) and nucleic acid (2%). The lipid consisted of neutral lipid (26 %), glycolipid (26%) and phospholipid (48 %). The main composition of phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The membrane contained 22 kinds of proteins of different molecular weights.Bacterial protoplasts have frequently been used for the preparation of bacterial protoplasmic membrane. It is said that protoplasts produced autolytically are better for the preparation of protoplasmic membrane by eliminating the contamination of non-cellular supplements used for degradation of cell wall. From the advantages of autolytically produced protoplasts, JOSEPH and SHOCKMAN (1) called them "autoplasts," distinguishable from the protoplasts produced by using exogenous lytic enzymes or antibiotics.Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum (ATCC 13564), previously used for acetone-butanol production, autolyses specifically in the presence of sucrose in hypertonic concentration (0.3 -0.5 M) (2, 3). The autolysis, i. e., sucrose-induced autolysis, is useful for the preparation of the protoplasts (autoplasts), the biological and physiological properties of which were investigated (3). We would like to determine composition of membrane prepared from the clostridial autoplasts, because that of clostridia, especially solvent-producing clostridia, is little known. 293

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Lipid composition of human serum lipoproteins

Cited by 298 publications

References 52 publications

Multiple Mechanisms Linked to Platelet Activation Result in Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Generation in Blood

Multiple Mechanisms Linked to Platelet Activation Result in Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Generation in Blood

Unraveling the complexities of the HDL lipidome

Chemical composition of autoplast membrane of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum.

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