Abstract:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable success in cancer treatment. However, in cancer patients without sufficient antitumor immunity, numerous data indicate that blocking the negative signals elicited by immune checkpoints is ineffective. Drugs that stimulate immune activation‐related pathways are emerging as another route for improving immunotherapy. In addition, the development of nanotechnology presents a promising platform for tissue and cell type‐specific delivery and improved uptake o… Show more
“…The clinical efficacy of STING agonists is constrained by several factors, including inadequate cytoplasmic delivery, swift immune clearance, lack of specific cellular targeting, and systemic inflammatory responses ( 140 ). The progression in STING agonist development has reached a critical impasse, akin to many contemporary immunotherapeutic agents ( 140 ). Consequently, the current studies have pivoted towards the utilization of varied vectors for STING agonist administration ( 140 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The progression in STING agonist development has reached a critical impasse, akin to many contemporary immunotherapeutic agents ( 140 ). Consequently, the current studies have pivoted towards the utilization of varied vectors for STING agonist administration ( 140 ). The advent of nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for targeted delivery to specific tissues and cells, enhancing the absorption of immunomodulatory agents.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A deep understanding of the dual role of STING pathway activation in halting cancer progression is imperative. Clearer treatment protocols and the identification of selective biomarkers for specific tumor types, which can predict the therapeutic benefits of STING activation, are urgently needed ( 140 ). Benguigui et al.…”
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a groundbreaking advance in the treatment of malignancies such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, showcasing substantial therapeutic benefits. Nonetheless, the efficacy of ICIs is limited to a small subset of patients, primarily benefiting those with “hot” tumors characterized by significant immune infiltration. The challenge of converting “cold” tumors, which exhibit minimal immune activity, into “hot” tumors to enhance their responsiveness to ICIs is a critical and complex area of current research. Central to this endeavor is the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, a pivotal nexus between innate and adaptive immunity. This pathway’s activation promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN) and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells, thereby transforming the tumor microenvironment (TME) from “cold” to “hot”. This review comprehensively explores the cGAS-STING pathway’s role in reconditioning the TME, detailing the underlying mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity and highlighting the contributions of various immune cells to tumor immunity. Furthermore, we delve into the latest clinical research on STING agonists and their potential in combination therapies, targeting this pathway. The discussion concludes with an examination of the challenges facing the advancement of promising STING agonists in clinical trials and the pressing issues within the cGAS-STING signaling pathway research.
“…The clinical efficacy of STING agonists is constrained by several factors, including inadequate cytoplasmic delivery, swift immune clearance, lack of specific cellular targeting, and systemic inflammatory responses ( 140 ). The progression in STING agonist development has reached a critical impasse, akin to many contemporary immunotherapeutic agents ( 140 ). Consequently, the current studies have pivoted towards the utilization of varied vectors for STING agonist administration ( 140 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The progression in STING agonist development has reached a critical impasse, akin to many contemporary immunotherapeutic agents ( 140 ). Consequently, the current studies have pivoted towards the utilization of varied vectors for STING agonist administration ( 140 ). The advent of nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for targeted delivery to specific tissues and cells, enhancing the absorption of immunomodulatory agents.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A deep understanding of the dual role of STING pathway activation in halting cancer progression is imperative. Clearer treatment protocols and the identification of selective biomarkers for specific tumor types, which can predict the therapeutic benefits of STING activation, are urgently needed ( 140 ). Benguigui et al.…”
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a groundbreaking advance in the treatment of malignancies such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, showcasing substantial therapeutic benefits. Nonetheless, the efficacy of ICIs is limited to a small subset of patients, primarily benefiting those with “hot” tumors characterized by significant immune infiltration. The challenge of converting “cold” tumors, which exhibit minimal immune activity, into “hot” tumors to enhance their responsiveness to ICIs is a critical and complex area of current research. Central to this endeavor is the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, a pivotal nexus between innate and adaptive immunity. This pathway’s activation promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN) and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells, thereby transforming the tumor microenvironment (TME) from “cold” to “hot”. This review comprehensively explores the cGAS-STING pathway’s role in reconditioning the TME, detailing the underlying mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity and highlighting the contributions of various immune cells to tumor immunity. Furthermore, we delve into the latest clinical research on STING agonists and their potential in combination therapies, targeting this pathway. The discussion concludes with an examination of the challenges facing the advancement of promising STING agonists in clinical trials and the pressing issues within the cGAS-STING signaling pathway research.
“…This is also a potential direction for the future development of mRNA vaccines. Notably, LNP-mRNA vaccines have also demonstrated potential in cancer immunotherapy, 692 , 693 prevention or treatment of allergies and autoimmune diseases, 694 – 697 and even gene replacement therapy for rare genetic diseases. 698 It should be highlighted that other nanovaccine platforms have shown significant potential in preventing infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2.…”
Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious diseases and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, which continuously pose one of the most serious threats to human health, attributed to factors such as the emergence of new pathogens, increasing drug resistance, changes in living environments and lifestyles, and the aging population. Despite rapid advancements in mechanistic research and drug development for these diseases, current treatments often have limited efficacy and notable side effects, necessitating the development of more effective and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has provided crucial technological support for the prevention, treatment, and detection of inflammation-associated diseases. Various types of nanoparticles (NPs) play significant roles, serving as vaccine vehicles to enhance immunogenicity and as drug carriers to improve targeting and bioavailability. NPs can also directly combat pathogens and inflammation. In addition, nanotechnology has facilitated the development of biosensors for pathogen detection and imaging techniques for inflammatory diseases. This review categorizes and characterizes different types of NPs, summarizes their applications in the prevention, treatment, and detection of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It also discusses the challenges associated with clinical translation in this field and explores the latest developments and prospects. In conclusion, nanotechnology opens up new possibilities for the comprehensive management of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
“…Lipid NPs – Lipid NPs are currently the most widely used NPs and are exhibiting a higher growth rate as compared to other NPs in the field of cancer immunotherapy (Figure ). Lipid-based NPs are superior to other nanosized drug delivery systems in minimizing systemic toxicity while maintaining adequate solubility and are thus the most common type of regulatory approved nanomedicines .…”
Section: Modes Of Delivery: Optimized Targeting Via
Smart Carriersmentioning
In the ever-evolving landscape of cancer research, immuno-oncology stands as a beacon of hope, offering novel avenues for treatment. This study capitalizes on the vast repository of immuno-oncology-related scientific documents within the CAS Content Collection, totaling over 350,000, encompassing journals and patents. Through a pioneering approach melding natural language processing with the CAS indexing system, we unveil over 300 emerging concepts, depicted in a comprehensive "Trend Landscape Map". These concepts, spanning therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and types of cancers among others, are hierarchically organized into eight major categories. Delving deeper, our analysis furnishes detailed quantitative metrics showcasing growth trends over the past three years. Our findings not only provide valuable insights for guiding future research endeavors but also underscore the merit of tapping the vast and unparalleled breadth of existing scientific information to derive profound insights.
■ SIGNIFICANCEA "Trend Landscape Map" of emerging concepts in immunooncology has been crafted based on a comprehensive analysis of the extensive CAS Content Collection. The map has been constructed by utilizing a novel Natural Language Processing algorithm in combination with extensive curation by subject matter experts, resulting in identification of >300 emergent topics across eight main areas of interest. The map acts as a visual aid, with detailed quantitative metrics of recent growth illustrating the spread of emerging ideas in immuno-oncology.
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