Lipid- and gut microbiota-modulating effects of graphene oxide nanoparticles in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice

Abstract

The impact of GO on blood/liver lipids and gut microbiota structure in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic mice was investigated. Oral administration of GO for 28 days remarkably decreased lipid levels in blood and liver and GO did not decrease the total number of gut bacteria but increased the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria.

Myricetin supplementation decreases hepatic lipid synthesis and inflammation by modulating gut microbiota

“…Interestingly, in our study, most of the significantly enriched bacteria in myricetintreated rats or myricetin-altered, microbiota-treated rats were identified as SCFA-producing strains. The enriched bacteria, Roseburia sp., Corynebacteriales, Faecalibaculum sp., and Allobaculum sp., have been reported to be SCFA-producing bacteria (Li et al, 2018;Neyrinck et al, 2011;Qin et al, 2019;Takeuchi et al, 1995;Wang et al, 2017;Wauters et al, 1996;Zhang et al, 2012Zhang et al, , 2015. The fecal SCFA levels might be increased in myricetin-treated rats, and our results confirmed a much higher fecal butyric acid concentration in the MT group than in the NC and HC groups.…”

Synthesis and Physicochemical Transformations of Size‐Sorted Graphene Oxide during Simulated Digestion and Its Toxicological Assessment against an In Vitro Model of the Human Intestinal Epithelium

“…[57] In addition, food matrix effects have been shown to modulate the bioactivity of ENMs, [32,35] and the gut microbiome and proteome of animals is known to be sensitive to the presence of chemically active particulates. [28,29,60] Therefore, we plan to apply the methods developed here to interrogate the physicochemical transformations, toxicological assessment, and effect on gut microbiome and proteome of GO in the presence of more complex food models.…”

“…Interestingly, there have only been a handful of studies to explore the toxicodynamics of ingested GO on human intestinal epithelial cells [22][23][24][25][26] and even fewer in vivo studies of its system-wide effects upon oral administration. [27][28][29] Even more so, the biotransformations of GO across the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have remained practically unstudied with only one such published work. [26] As it stands, the limited literature, discrepancies in utilized GO (size and oxidation state), and in vitro methodologies confound the assessment of its physicochemical transformations and biological fate in the GIT.…”

The gut microbiome meets nanomaterials: exposure and interplay with graphene nanoparticles

“…The study gave the idea that increased SCFA production and an enlarged abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria may play a part in the hyperlipidemia-alleviating effect of GO. 29 A similar effect on Allobaculum spp., Clostridium cluster IV, and XIVa and the relative abundance of BcoA accompanied by the antihyperlipidemic effects were also observed in mice following 4 week treatment with fullerenol nanoparticles. 128 Microbiome-regulated bile acid metabolism, SCFA biosynthesis, especially that of propionate and butyrate, and metabolic processes can contribute to host metabolism, including hyperlipidemia management.…”

“…The exposure might cause disturbances in the growth and functioning of the bacteria from specic species or genera, leading to dysbiosis exhibited by reshaped symbiotic relations between the host and microorganisms. [27][28][29] Dysbiosis could manifest GI symptoms and a systemic impairment of homeostasis. 30 Hence, evaluating the impact and nanotoxicity of the exposure of graphene and its derivatives on the bacterial organism is crucial.…”