Lipectomy does not impair fattening induced by short photoperiods or high-fat diets in female Syrian hamsters

Hamilton, Joan M.; Wade, George N.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90102-3

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…When WAT is surgically removed, the remaining unexcised WAT pads increase their mass in what appears to be an attempt to compensate for the lipectomy-induced lipid loss. Compensatory responses have been seen in laboratory mice (202,203) and rats (204)(205)(206)(207)(208), lambs (209), ground squirrels (210,211), and Syrian (212,213) and Siberian (19,108,(214)(215)(216)(217)(218) hamsters, and suggestive evidence has been seen in humans (219,220). The signal for this robust lipectomy-induced compensatory increase in WAT masses is unknown, but it could involve the disruption of WAT sensory innervation that accompanies lipectomy.…”

Section: Wat Has Sensory Innervation the Function Of Which Remains Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue

Bartness

Song

2007

Journal of Lipid Research

182

142

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During our study of the reversal of seasonal obesity in Siberian hamsters, we found an interaction between receptors for the pineal hormone melatonin and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow from brain to white adipose tissue (WAT). This ultimately led us and others to conclude that the SNS innervation of WAT is the primary initiator of lipid mobilization in these as well as other animals, including humans. There is strong neurochemical (norepinephrine turnover), neuroanatomical (viral tract tracing), and functional (sympathetic denervation-induced blockade of lipolysis) evidence for the role of the SNS in lipid mobilization. Recent findings suggest the presence of WAT sensory innervation based on strong neuroanatomical (viral tract tracing, immunohistochemical markers of sensory nerves) and suggestive functional (capsaicin sensory denervation-induced WAT growth) evidence, the latter implying a role in conveying adiposity information to the brain. By contrast, parasympathetic nervous system innervation of WAT is characterized by largely negative neuroanatomical evidence (viral tract tracing, immunohistochemical and biochemical markers of parasympathetic nerves). Functional evidence (intraneural stimulation and in situ microdialysis) for the role of the SNS innervation in lipid mobilization in human WAT is convincing, with some controversy regarding the level of sympathetic nerve activity in human obesity.-Bartness, T. J., and C. K. Song. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue. J. Lipid Res. 2007. 48: 1655-1672. Supplementary key words obesityObesity is a disease of literally and figuratively enormous proportions (1, 2) and is an independent risk factor for type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and some cancers (3-5). Estimates of the mortality rate of overweight/obese individuals range from ?325,000 deaths per year (6) to as low as ?26,000 (7), making overweight/ obesity either the number two or number seven cause of death in adults in the United States, respectively. Considerable research effort has focused on determining the factors involved in the development of obesity in nonhuman animals; consequently, our understanding of these is substantial, but still far from complete. Somewhat surprisingly, less effort has focused on determining the factors involved in the reversal of obesity in nonhuman animals. We have contributed to these latter efforts by studying the reversal of a naturally occurring seasonal obesity in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). In the process of conducting this work, we discovered the importance of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in lipid mobilization from white adipose tissue (WAT) as well as more recently realizing the possible importance of the sensory innervation of WAT. Several overviews of the role of the SNS in lipid mobilization were published recently (8-11). To give a better understanding of how we came to the realization that lipid mobilization occurs primarily through the sympathetic innervation of WAT, we will descri...

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Section: Wat Has Sensory Innervation the Function Of Which Remains Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue

Bartness

Song

2007

Journal of Lipid Research

182

142

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“…Cardiovascular risk profile does not appear to improve after liposuction (2,3), although insulin sensitivity has been reported to improve (4) but not in all studies (2). In animal models, the removal of fat results in compensatory weight gain (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). It has been suggested that this is mediated by a blood-borne factor as serum from lipectomised rats stimulated proliferation of pre-adipocytes in vitro (10), but intriguingly fat transplantation does not appear to result in compensatory fat loss (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women gain weight and fat mass despite lipectomy at abdominoplasty and breast reduction

Rinomhota

Bulugahapitiya²,

French³

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objectives: In animal models, fat removal results in compensatory weight gain. No study has reported measurement of weight following lipectomy in humans. We have examined changes in weight in patients who underwent lipectomy. Methods: In a retrospective analysis, 16 patients who had abdominoplasty and 17 patients who underwent bilateral breast reduction were compared with 16 patients who had carpal tunnel syndrome release. Following this, a prospective study was carried out on 7 subjects awaiting abdominoplasty and 12 subjects awaiting bilateral breast reduction surgery. Results: In the retrospective study, all three patient groups gained weight following surgery. The abdominoplasty group was heavier before surgery and showed greatest weight gain but there was no statistically significant difference in weight gain between the groups. In the prospective study, the abdominoplasty group had a mean fat removal of 1.77 kg and breast reduction group had a mean of 3.22 kg. Eighteen months following surgery the abdominoplasty group showed a significant mean increase in body weight (mean increase: 4.82 kg) and body mass index (BMI) (mean increase: 1.66 kg/m 2 ). In the bilateral breast reduction group, there was a non-significant mean gain in weight (mean increase: 0.67 kg) and BMI (mean increase: 0.21 kg/m 2 ). Conclusions: Patients undergoing lipectomy during abdominoplasty and bilateral breast reduction will gain weight in the long term. This weight gain probably reflects the expected gain in weight without surgery as a similar finding is observed in patients who have undergone surgery without lipectomy. These results highlight the limitation of lipectomy as a weight control measure. European Journal of Endocrinology 158 349-352

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“…Unlike highly domesticated rodent species, animals exhibiting naturally occurring seasonal changes in body fat (e.g. Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis)) are generally capable of recovering seasonally appropriate levels of body fat after LIPx (Dark et al 1985;Hamilton & Wade 1988;Mauer & Bartness 1994). For example, in Siberian hamsters (P. sungorus), surgical removal of the epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) surrounding the testes and epididymides results in a compensatory increase in the remaining intact fat pads (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductions in total body fat decrease humoral immunity

Demas

Drazen

Nelson

2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

128

104

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Mounting an immune response requires substantial energy, and it is well known that marked reductions in energy availability (e.g. starvation) can suppress immune function, thus increasing disease susceptibility and compromising survival. We tested the hypothesis that moderate reductions in energy availability impair humoral immunity. Specifically, we examined the effects of partial lipectomy (LIPx) on humoral immunity in two seasonally breeding rodent species, prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Animals received bilateral surgical removal of epididymal white adipose tissue (EWATx), inguinal white adipose tissue (IWATx) or sham surgeries and were injected with the antigen keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) either four or 12 weeks after surgery. In prairie voles, serum anti-KLH immunoglobulin G (IgG) did not differ significantly at four weeks. At 12 weeks, serum IgG was significantly reduced in IWATx, but not EWATx animals, compared with sham-operated animals. In Siberian hamsters, both IWATx and EWATx animals reduced serum IgG at four weeks. At 12 weeks, EWATx hamsters displayed a significant compensatory increase in IWAT pad mass compared with shamoperated hamsters, and serum IgG no longer differed from sham-operated animals. There was no significant increase in EWAT in IWATx hamsters compared with sham animals and IgG remained significantly reduced in IWATx hamsters. These results suggest that reductions in energy availability can impair humoral immunity.

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Lipectomy does not impair fattening induced by short photoperiods or high-fat diets in female Syrian hamsters

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue

Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue

Women gain weight and fat mass despite lipectomy at abdominoplasty and breast reduction

Reductions in total body fat decrease humoral immunity

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