Lipase-catalyzed Solvent-free Synthesis of Polyglycerol 10 (PG-10) Esters

Abstract

Polyglycerol fatty acid esters, which have been widely used as emulsifiers in food, medicine and cosmetics industries, were the subject of solvent-free enzymatic synthesis<br /> in this study. There have been previous reports on enzymatic synthesis of various polyglycerol esters; however, this investigation extends the synthesis to PG-10 esters. The<br /> effects of substrate molar ratio, addition of emulsifiers to enhance mixing, and addition of molecular sieves or N2 flushing for water removal, was investigated. The solvent-free synthesis using N2 flushing leads to complete conversion of fatty acid, yielding a completely acid free product. The synthesis is validated for polyglycerol laurate and polyglycerol caprylate, both useful products in the cosmetic industry.

Esters in Industry: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis

“…During the bibliographical search, a number of papers have been found that are concerned with the comparative study of different types of reactors in order to select the most suitable one for the process under study. Table 7 shows these 9 papers [127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135]. [135] As can be observed, most of the papers point out that both packed and fluidized bed reactors give better results than tank reactors [127][128][129][130]132,134,135], highlighting the advantage of using tubular reactors, especially fluidized bed and bubble column reactors, since these configurations avoid the mechanical damage that stirrers can cause to the solid particles of immobilized lipase.…”

“…Table 7 shows these 9 papers [127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135]. [135] As can be observed, most of the papers point out that both packed and fluidized bed reactors give better results than tank reactors [127][128][129][130]132,134,135], highlighting the advantage of using tubular reactors, especially fluidized bed and bubble column reactors, since these configurations avoid the mechanical damage that stirrers can cause to the solid particles of immobilized lipase. It is very interesting to note a study that states that the best option for synthesizing kojic acid derivatives is the batch reactor, which is unusual for this type of studies [133].…”

Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis

“…During the bibliographical search, several papers have been found that are concerned with a comparative study of different types of reactors to select the most suitable one for the process under study. Table 7 shows these nine papers [ 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ].…”

“…As can be observed, most of the papers point out that both packed and fluidized bed reactors give better results than tank reactors [ 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 132 , 134 , 135 ], highlighting the advantage of using tubular reactors, especially fluidized bed and bubble column reactors, since these configurations avoid the mechanical damage that stirrers can cause to the solid particles of immobilized lipase. It is very interesting to note a study that states that the best option for synthesizing kojic acid derivatives is the batch reactor, which is unusual for these type of studies [ 133 ].…”

“…It is very interesting to note a study that states that the best option for synthesizing kojic acid derivatives is the batch reactor, which is unusual for these type of studies [ 133 ]. In other reports, the results obtained in a conventional batch reactor are compared with those obtained in another reactor of the same geometry but equipped with ultrasound [ 131 ] or N 2 bubbling [ 135 ]. Both give higher conversions than the batch reactor.…”