Lipase‐catalyzed production of biodiesel

Nelson, L. A. K.; Foglia, Thomas A.; Marmer, William N.

doi:10.1007/bf02523383

Cited by 483 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Reference with reported use for biodiesel Hsu et al (2001), Nelson et al (1996) Beef and mutton tallow Stevenson et al (1994) Cotton oil soapstock Keskin et al (2008) …”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification

Fjerbæk

Christensen

Norddahl

2009

Biotech & Bioengineering

662

459

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Enzymatic biodiesel production has been investigated intensively, but is presently employed industrially only in a 20,000 tons/year pilot plant in China (Du et al. [2008] Appl Microbiol Technol 79(3):331-337). This review presents a critical analysis of the current status of research in this area and accentuates the main obstacles to the widespread use of enzymes for commercial biodiesel transesterification. Improved results for enzymatic catalysis are seen with respect to increased yield, reaction time and stability, but the performance and price of the enzymes need further advances for them to become attractive industrially for biodiesel production. Critical aspects such as mass transfer limitations, use of solvents and water activity are discussed together with process considerations and evaluation of possible reactor configurations, if industrial production with enzymes is to be carried out. Results of published studies on the productivity of enzymes are also presented and compared to the use of chemical catalysts.

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“…Reference with reported use for biodiesel Hsu et al (2001), Nelson et al (1996) Beef and mutton tallow Stevenson et al (1994) Cotton oil soapstock Keskin et al (2008) …”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification

Fjerbæk

Christensen

Norddahl

2009

Biotech & Bioengineering

662

459

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is because alkali process is more efficient and less corrosive than the acid process. As for the enzyme-catalyzed system, it requires a much longer reaction time than the other two catalysts (Nelson et al, 1996;Watanabe et al, 2001). Alkali-catalyzed transesterification studies have been reported (Freedman et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of biodiesel by transesterification of refined soybean oil

Aransiola¹,

Betiku²,

Layokun³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

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This study focused on the production of biodiesel via transesterification of refined soybean oil obtained locally. Sodium hydroxide was used as the alkali catalyst and methanol (as alcohol) was used in the transesterification process due to its low cost. The methanol-to-oil molar ratio was maintained at 6:1. The effect of reaction temperature with time and the catalyst loading were studied. The reaction temperature and the catalyst loading were varied at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 o C; and at 0.5 and 1.0% weight of oil, respectively. After transesterification of the soybean oil, the fatty acid methyl esters [FAMEs (biodiesel)] conversion was found to rise with an increase in the catalyst loading and also with the reaction temperature but no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between the temperatures of 60 o C and 70 o C. The optimum methyl esters conversion of 97.89% was achieved at 60 o C for 3 h with 1% (w/w) catalyst. The viscosity (at 40 o C), density, cloud point, pour point, flash point and acid number were 3.40 cSt, 0.86 g/ml, -1 o C, -7 o C, 175 o C and 0.19, respectively. This optimum methyl esters conversion obtained met ASTM standard of D-6751. Therefore, soybean oil has been shown in this study as a good candidate for biodiesel production and the data acquired can be scaled up for large scale production.

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“…동, 식물성 오일과 알코올을 촉매 하에서 반응하면 지방산메 틸에스테르와 글리세롤이 생성되며 지방산메틸에스테르상을 정제하면 바이오디젤이 얻어진다 [8][9][10]. 부산물로 생성된 글리 세롤은 제약, 식품 및 플라스틱 제품에 순도에 맞게 정제되어 이용되고 있다 [7].…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Esterification Reaction of Animal Fat for Bio-diesel Production

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2012

Clean Technology

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요 약본 연구에서는 동물성 오일로부터 바이오디젤 생산을 위한 에스테르화 반응과 전이에스테르화 반응을 실시하였다. 원료 초 기 상태인 동물성 비계로부터 오일을 추출하기 위해 3개의 추출법을 적용하였다. 에스테르화 반응은 불균질계 촉매인 Amberlyst-15와 Amberlyst BD-20 그리고 균질계 촉매인 황산이 사용되었다. 3가지 촉매 중 유리지방산 제거 효율이 가장 높은 촉매는 황산으로 나타났으며 에스테르화 반응에 대한 황산과 메탄올의 최적 투입량 결정을 위해 반응표면분석법(Response Surface Method, RSM)을 적용하였다. 에스테르화 최적 조건 도출 후 유리지방산이 제거된 오일을 이용해 전이에스테르화 반 응을 진행하였다. 전이에스테르화 반응 원료의 유리지방산 함량은 1% 이하이며 수분함량은 0.090% 이하였다. 촉매는 KOH, NaOH, NaOCH3를 이용하였으며 무수메탄올에 녹여 사용하였다. 촉매 종류 및 투입량에 따른 영향을 관찰하기 위해 촉매 투 입량을 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 wt%로 사용하였고 메탄올은 26.7 wt%로 고정하였다. 알코올 투입량에 따른 영향 실험은 투입량을 오일 대비 4 : 1, 6 : 1, 9 : 1, 12 : 1로 변경하여 실시하였으며 촉매양은 0.8 wt%로 고정하였다. 촉매와 알코올 외 반응변수는 모두 동일하게 적용하였다. 반응온도는 메탄올의 끓는점인 65 ℃로 설정하였고 내부 온도계를 설치해 반응물의 온도를 측정하였 다. 촉매 투입량 변경실험 후 KOH의 FAME 전환율이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 메탄올 투입량 변경실험은 오일대비 6 : 1 이상 사용했을 때 전환율이 높았다. 촉매, 메탄올 변경 실험 중 가장 높은 FAME 함량은 96.0%였으며 품질규격인 96.5%에는 미 달하였다. FAME 함량증가 및 불순물 제거를 위해 바이오디젤 증류를 실시하였다. 이때 FAME 함량은 98%로 나타났다.주제어 : 동물성 비계, 오일 추출, 에스테르화 반응, 전이에스테르화 반응 Abstract : In this study, the production of bio-diesel from animal oil by esterification and trans-esterification was investigated. There were three different extraction methods for oil extraction from raw animal fat. Heterogeneous catalysts such as Amberlyst-15 and Amberlyst BD-20 and a homogeneous catalyst such as sulfuric acid were used for esterification. Among three catalysts, the removal efficiency of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) was the highest in sulfuric acid. Response surface method was carried out to find the optimal esterification condition of sulfuric acid and methanol. After the esterification under the optimal condition, this animal fat was used for the trans-esterification. Animal oil used for trans-esterification was below 1% of FFA content and 0.09% of water content. The catalysts for trans-esterification were KOH, NaOH and NaOCH3. To investigate the effects of catalyst type and amount on transesterification, The amount of catalyst were changed with 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 wt%. The molar ratio of methanol/oil was changed with 4, 6, 9 and 12. The amount of catalyst was fixed to 0.8 wt%. The KOH catalyst showed the highest FAME conversion for trans-esterification, and the optimal methanol/oil weight ratio was 6. In the experiments of various catalysts and methanol molar ratios, the highest content of FAME is 96%. However, this FAME content was below Korean bio-diesel standard which is 96.5% of FAME content. After distillation, FAME content increased to 98%.

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Lipase‐catalyzed production of biodiesel

Cited by 483 publications

References 21 publications

A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification

A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification

Production of biodiesel by transesterification of refined soybean oil

Esterification Reaction of Animal Fat for Bio-diesel Production

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