“…DTT or Cleland's reagent, is commonly used as a thiol group protectant 56) or protein modulator. It confers protective effects against oxidation, which can inactivate the catalytic sites for the protease.…”
“…DTT or Cleland's reagent, is commonly used as a thiol group protectant 56) or protein modulator. It confers protective effects against oxidation, which can inactivate the catalytic sites for the protease.…”
“…In certain interesting studies, extraction of lipases and proteases from activated sludge using the nonionic detergent Triton X-100, EDTA, and cation exchange resin has been attempted (Gessesse et al 2003). In other experiments, the filamentous bacterium Microthrix parvicella has been demonstrated to be a specialized lipid consumer, being able to take up LCFA under anaerobic conditions and subsequent usage of the stored material for growth when nitrate or oxygen is available as electron acceptors (Nielsen et al 2002).…”
Section: The Role Of Lipases In Activated Sludge Systemsmentioning
Lipases are serine hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids, by acting at the oil-water interface. Lipases from microbial sources have received heightened attention for an array of industrial applications, and these enzymes have been well exploited in the environmental sector as well. In this article, we present an overview of microbial lipase, including the microorganisms from which it could be produced; the application of recombinant DNA technology tools to produce lipase with enhanced properties, the effective use of waste materials as substrates for lipase production; the usage of statistical tools to efficiently optimize the production medium; lipase purification strategies; and the immobilization of the enzyme on a variety of support materials. The next section of the article provides a gist of its application in diversified spheres and focusses exclusively on the environmentally relevant ones. Lipasecatalyzed esterification, transesterification, and interesterification reactions, an emerging area of green chemistry; lipase-mediated in vitro biopolymer synthesis and degradation; and the application of lipase for remediating fat and oil constituents in wastewater are dealt with in-depth. When its full potential is harnessed, the enzyme could play a pivotal role in environmental management.
“…Functional affiliation related to higher methane production after sludge pretreatment Degradation of the highly organic polymers represents the first and overall rate-limiting step for the mineralization of organic matter in activated sludge and anaerobic digested sludge treatment systems [59][60][61]. In our work, the studied pretreatment involved alteration of pH, which is an important parameter affecting both bacterial activity and metabolite pathways.…”
Section: Methane Production Via Acetoclastic and Hydrogenotrophic Patmentioning
Background: Understanding the effects of pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of sludge waste from wastewater treatment plants is becoming increasingly important, as impetus moves towards the utilization of sludge for renewable energy production. Although the field of sludge pretreatment has progressed significantly over the past decade, critical questions concerning the underlying microbial interactions remain unanswered. In this study, a metagenomic approach was adopted to investigate the microbial composition and gene content contributing to enhanced biogas production from sludge subjected to a novel pretreatment method (maintaining pH at 10 for 8 days) compared to other documented methods (ultrasonic, thermal and thermal-alkaline).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.