Lip Morphology and Aesthetics: Study Review and Prospects in Plastic Surgery

Wu, Siqiao; Pan, Bailin; An, Yang; Junxue, An; Chen, Lu-Jia; Liu, Dong

doi:10.1007/s00266-018-1268-x

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Since the two structure cannot be distinguished on CBCT images, we sought to explore how accurate the measurements of CBCT are for that, and whether it has an impact on clinical use. The second was its diverse morphological measurements, including the length, angle and symmetry in 3D space, which can cover feature measurements of many areas of the face [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of cone beam CT for morphometry of nasolabial soft tissue in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion: A qualitative and quantitative analysis

Lü

et al. 2022

XST

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OBJECTIVE: To assess reliability of cone-beam CT (CBCT) for nasolabial soft tissue measurements in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion based on 3-dimensional (3D) facial scanner results. METHODS: CBCT and 3D facial scan images of 20 orthognathic patients are used in this study. Eleven soft tissue landmarks and 15 linear and angular measurements are identified and performed. For qualitative evaluation, Shapiro-Wilk test and Bland-Altman plots are applied to analyze the equivalence of the measurements derived from these two kinds of images. To quantify specific deviation of CBCT measurements from facial scanner, the latter is set as a benchmark, and mean absolute difference (MAD) and relative error magnitude (REM) for each variable are also calculated. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences are observed in regions of nasal base and lower lip vermilion between two methods. MAD value for all length measurements are less than 2 mm and for angular variables < 8°. The average MAD and REM for length measurements are 0.94 mm and 5.64%, and for angular measurements are 2.27° and 3.78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The soft tissue results measured by CBCT show relatively good reliability and can be used for 3D measurement of soft tissue in the nasolabial region clinically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of cone beam CT for morphometry of nasolabial soft tissue in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion: A qualitative and quantitative analysis

Lü

et al. 2022

XST

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“…These glands are known as Fordyce spots. [36] Several layers of cells of distinct morphologies may be recognized in lining the oral cavity: i.…”

Section: Lipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelium - An Overview and an Insight on Gingival Epithelium: A Literature Review

Nadiger

2024

Int J Res Rev

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Epithelium is comprised of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body and line both the internal closed cavities of the body and those that communicate with the exterior. The cells forming epithelium are in close apposition with one another, they may be arranged in multiple layers. In some locations cells are found aggregated in close apposition with one another but lack free surface. They are called epithelial like or epithelioid tissues. It is a tissue composed of a layer of cells which lines both the outside (skin) and the inside (e. g. intestine) of organisms. The epithelium serves as a barrier to protect the body from pathogens and functions to maintain homeostasis. In this review we will focus on organization and function of the epithelium with its distinctions among epithelia which includes fundamentals of organization, adhesion, polarity, and mechanical coordination and its role in oral mucous membrane. Keywords: Epithelium, cell junctions, gingival epithelium,basal lamina.

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“…The lip is a prominent feature of the face and significantly contribute to an individual's facial aesthetics 1 . The characteristics of lip skin differ from those of surrounding facial skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lip is a prominent feature of the face and significantly contribute to an individual's facial aesthetics. 1 The characteristics of lip skin differ from those of surrounding facial skin. For instance, the vermilion of the lips is comprised of a modified mucous membrane composed of non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is hairless and highly vascularized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image‐based investigation of lip aging features in a large number of Korean women

Seo,

Leem,

Kim

et al. 2024

Skin Research and Technology

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BackgroundThe lips play a significant role in shaping facial aesthetics. Due to the distinct attributes of lips in contrast to other facial skin, a unique approach is imperative for managing lip aging. We analyzed lip characteristics (morphology, wrinkles, and color) to investigate visual changes and distinctive attributes of aging lips.MethodsBy utilizing image data processing methods, including facial landmark detection, pattern recognition, and color quantification, we extracted 11 lip characteristic indices (four morphological indices, four wrinkle indices, and three color indices) from high‐resolution images of 1000 Korean women aged 20–69. Correlation tests were conducted to assess the relationship between lip characteristic indices and age, and also between lip morphological and wrinkle indices.ResultsLip height significantly decreased, while lip width and lip ratio (lip width divided by the sum of the upper and lower lip height) significantly increased with aging. Lip wrinkles significantly increased with aging, whereas lip colors (redness and yellowness) decreased. The lip wrinkle indices, which are segmented for the first time in this study, exhibited significant correlations with lip width, and three of them additionally were correlated with lip ratio (p < 0.05). The results imply such morphological changes can be associated with wrinkle formation of human lips.ConclusionThe indices suggested in this study can be used for assessing lip aging characteristics, and the study results can contribute to deeper understanding of lip aging.

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Lip Morphology and Aesthetics: Study Review and Prospects in Plastic Surgery

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Reliability of cone beam CT for morphometry of nasolabial soft tissue in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion: A qualitative and quantitative analysis

Reliability of cone beam CT for morphometry of nasolabial soft tissue in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion: A qualitative and quantitative analysis

Epithelium - An Overview and an Insight on Gingival Epithelium: A Literature Review

Image‐based investigation of lip aging features in a large number of Korean women

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