Lip cancer in Western Australia, 1982–2006: a 25‐year retrospective epidemiological study

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to report on the epidemiological trends in incidence and mortality rates of lip cancer in Western Australia from 1982-2006. Methods: Incidence and mortality data were provided by the Western Australian Cancer Registry. Analysis of demographic distribution by gender, age, metro-rural residence and Indigenous status and by sub-site of lip cancer was undertaken. Percentages, crude, age-specific and direct age-standardized rates were computed with 95% confidence intervals. Results: In Western Australia, lip cancer represents 49 per cent of all oral cancer cases. A total of 2152 new cases and 31 deaths due to lip cancer were reported. Eighty-one per cent of new cases occurred on the lower lip. The incidence rate ratio of males to females was 2.5-3:1, with non-Indigenous people suffering 98 per cent of lip cancer. Rural dwellers have higher standardized incidence rates when compared to people living in metropolitan areas. An increasing trend with older age is consistent throughout the study period. Conclusions: Over the 25 years, on average 90-100 people are diagnosed with lip cancer but only 1-2 people die each year. These mortality rates are very low indeed and are the reason for its good prognosis.

Solar cheilosis: An ominous precursor

“…66 There is a greater incidence of SC and lip SCC in men, with a 3:1 incidence ratio. 27 Men are also more likely to have multiple affected sites. 65 Overall, women are less likely to develop SC.…”

“…60 Age influences the risk of SC. Middle-aged and older individuals have a higher incidence of SC 27,61 and AK, a parallel condition. 2,62 SC in younger individuals usually correlates with high-risk occupation and leisure activities with inadequate sun protection.…”

“…[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Eighty percent to 90% of lip cancers occur on the lower lip, and up to 90% consist of SCC. 26,27,[33][34][35][36] The risk of developing cutaneous SCC from AK is small. 37 However, the likelihood that SC will progress to SCC is higher, with a relative risk ratio of 2.5.…”

Retalho de Karapandzic, uma Possível Solução para um Caso de Carcinoma Espinhocelular Avançado do Lábio

“…1,2 O CEC do lábio afeta principalmente adultos de raça caucasiana sujeitos a dose cumulativa elevada de radiação solar, registando-se um aumento da sua incidência ao longo das últimas décadas. 1,3,4 Além da exposição solar, a infeção por vírus do papiloma humano, o consumo de álcool, o tabagismo, a inflamação crónica, a imunossupressão, e síndromes genéticos como albinismo e xeroderma pigmentoso constituem igualmente fatores de risco.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] O diagnóstico tem por base a apresentação clínica da lesão, idealmente através da dermatoscopia, necessitando, porém, da avaliação histológica para a definição do mesmo. O recurso a exames imagiológicos para despiste de invasão local ou à distância está, também, indicado em casos avançados, de modo a permitir o seu estadiamento e orientação.…”