“…Single-cell RNA sequencing is becoming popular in recent years to better understand the stochastic process and gene regulations in a granular resolution (13,15,16,39). The commonly used gene differential expression analysis in single-cell RNA sequencing can be classified into two categories, with one category modeling excess zeros (SCDE, MAST, scDD, DEsingle, and SigEMD) (40)(41)(42)(43)(44) and the other category without modeling the excess zeros in the single-cell RNA sequencing data (DESeq2, SINCERA, D 3 E, EMDomics, Monocle2, Linnorm, and Discriminative Learning) (12,27,(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). DESeq2 is a popular method used for bulk RNA sequencing data analysis, which is also often used for analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data for testing of differential expression between groups.…”