“…This, in turn, might exacerbate children's shyness. Consistent with these ideas, empirical findings show that mothers of shy children tend to overcontrol them via means of intrusive and unnecessary management of their everyday lives (Coplan, Arbeau, & Armer, 2008;Hastings et al, 2005;Rubin, Burgess, & Hastings, 2002;Rubin et al, 2001;Rubin, Hastings, Stewart, Henderson, & Chen, 1997). Regarding criticism or rejection, the theoretical idea is that as children are growing up, if they perceive their parents' behaviors as rejecting, they might become preoccupied with others' evaluative remarks (Grüner, Muris, & Merckelbach, 1999;Hudson & Rapee, 2001).…”