Linking vector favourable environmental conditions with serological evidence of widespread Bluetongue virus exposure in livestock in Ecuador
Alfredo Acosta,
Maritza Barrera,
David Jarrín
et al.
Abstract:Despite knowledge of Bluetongue disease (BT) in Latin America, little information is available on the actual spread and overall burden. As a vector-borne disease, high-risk areas for BT will coincide with favourable environmental conditions for the prevailing vector. In Ecuador, information on the presence of BTV is limited to singled out virological findings. In this study, we obtained serological evidence for BT virus exposure derived from the passive surveillance system of national veterinary services aimed… Show more
Bluetongue is a viral disease that affects sheep, cattle and other domestic or wild ruminants. Different species
of Culicoides transmit the virus (BTV). High BTV seroprevalence was found in farms of Manabí and other
two provinces of Ecuador, but the presence of the virus in the Culicoides spp. vector has not been reported. In
the current study, the main goal was to demonstrate the presence of BTV in Culicoides in Ecuador for the first
time and characterize the species of Culicoides collected in farms located in the central-east area of Manabí
province. Six farms were selected to be monitored by BTV c-ELISA. All the 100 tested animals were
positive. Using a CDC trap with ultraviolet light placed in three BTV-positive farms for three nights, 2240
specimens of Culicoides were collected. Six different Culicoides species have been identi-fied, which were
presented in different abundance percent: 62% C.insignis; 7% C. batesi; 1.8% C.foxi; 1.8% C.diabolicus;
15.48% C.crepuscularis; 12% C.antunesis. These last two species have been identified for the first time in
Ecuador. Q-PCR detected BTV RNA in the homogenates of female midges collected in each farm, so it was
demonstrated that the epidemiological cycle of the virus is completed; since female midges infected with
BTV were found, it is too a novel result for Ecuador.
Keywords: Bluetongue, BTV, Culicoides, cattle, real-time PCR, competitive ELISA, Ecuador, Manabi
Bluetongue is a viral disease that affects sheep, cattle and other domestic or wild ruminants. Different species
of Culicoides transmit the virus (BTV). High BTV seroprevalence was found in farms of Manabí and other
two provinces of Ecuador, but the presence of the virus in the Culicoides spp. vector has not been reported. In
the current study, the main goal was to demonstrate the presence of BTV in Culicoides in Ecuador for the first
time and characterize the species of Culicoides collected in farms located in the central-east area of Manabí
province. Six farms were selected to be monitored by BTV c-ELISA. All the 100 tested animals were
positive. Using a CDC trap with ultraviolet light placed in three BTV-positive farms for three nights, 2240
specimens of Culicoides were collected. Six different Culicoides species have been identi-fied, which were
presented in different abundance percent: 62% C.insignis; 7% C. batesi; 1.8% C.foxi; 1.8% C.diabolicus;
15.48% C.crepuscularis; 12% C.antunesis. These last two species have been identified for the first time in
Ecuador. Q-PCR detected BTV RNA in the homogenates of female midges collected in each farm, so it was
demonstrated that the epidemiological cycle of the virus is completed; since female midges infected with
BTV were found, it is too a novel result for Ecuador.
Keywords: Bluetongue, BTV, Culicoides, cattle, real-time PCR, competitive ELISA, Ecuador, Manabi
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