Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel

Pereira, Luı́sa; Černý, Viktor; Cerezo, María; Silva, Nuno; Hájek, Martin; Vasikova, Alzbeta; Kujanová, Martina; Brdička, R; Salas, Antonio

doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.21

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies (Achilli et al 2005;Ottoni et al 2010;Pereira et al 2010) provided evidences of mtDNA flow from Europe toward North Africa during the Holocene; thus, North Africa would represent the Southern African edge of post-Last Glacial Maximum expansions spreading from European refugee. Here, we show, for the first time, genetic evidence signaling prehistorical movements in the opposite direction, from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Other studies undertaken in populations from Iberia tried to explain the origin of the observed L lineages (Pereira et al 2000;Larruga et al 2001;Á lvarez-Iglesias et al 2009), concluding that virtually all of these probably arrived in recent times, the majority as a result of the slave trade between the 15th and 19th Centuries. It is worth mentioning that genetic links between Europe and North Africa are well established, supporting ancient migratory event from the Franco-Cantabrian refuge toward the Mediterranean regions of Africa ;9 kya (Achilli et al 2005;Pereira et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 92%

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Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe

Cerezo¹,

Achilli²,

Olivieri³

et al. 2012

Genome Res.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of macro-haplogroup L (excluding the derived L3 branches M and N) represent the majority of the typical sub-Saharan mtDNA variability. In Europe, these mtDNAs account for <1% of the total but, when analyzed at the level of control region, they show no signals of having evolved within the European continent, an observation that is compatible with a recent arrival from the African continent. To further evaluate this issue, we analyzed 69 mitochondrial genomes belonging to various L sublineages from a wide range of European populations. Phylogeographic analyses showed that~65% of the European L lineages most likely arrived in rather recent historical times, including the Romanization period, the Arab conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily, and during the period of the Atlantic slave trade. However, the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe

Cerezo¹,

Achilli²,

Olivieri³

et al. 2012

Genome Res.

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“…The L3e5 frequency distribution in space was visualized by the construction of interpolation maps using the "Spatial Analyst Extension" of ArcView version 3.2 (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcview/) as in our previous studies (Pereira et al, 2010a). The clinical pattern of the frequencies distribution was tested by correlogram analysis (Moran, 1950) implemented in PASSaGE software (Rosenberg, 2001).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Impact of the Lake Chad Basin Population in North Africa as Documented by Mitochondrial Diversity and Internal Variation of the L3e5 Haplogroup

Podgorná

Soares

Pereira

et al. 2013

Annals of Human Genetics

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SummaryThe presence of sub‐Saharan L‐type mtDNA sequences in North Africa has traditionally been explained by the recent slave trade. However, gene flow between sub‐Saharan and northern African populations would also have been made possible earlier through the greening of the Sahara resulting from Early Holocene climatic improvement. In this article, we examine human dispersals across the Sahara through the analysis of the sub‐Saharan mtDNA haplogroup L3e5, which is not only commonly found in the Lake Chad Basin (∼17%), but which also attains nonnegligible frequencies (∼10%) in some Northwestern African populations. Age estimates point to its origin ∼10 ka, probably directly in the Lake Chad Basin, where the clade occurs across linguistic boundaries. The virtual absence of this specific haplogroup in Daza from Northern Chad and all West African populations suggests that its migration took place elsewhere, perhaps through Northern Niger. Interestingly, independent confirmation of Early Holocene contacts between North Africa and the Lake Chad Basin have been provided by craniofacial data from Central Niger, supporting our suggestion that the Early Holocene offered a suitable climatic window for genetic exchanges between North and sub‐Saharan Africa. In view of its younger founder age in North Africa, the discontinuous distribution of L3e5 was probably caused by the Middle Holocene re‐expansion of the Sahara desert, disrupting the clade's original continuous spread.

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“…The latter is also true for Asian-Indonesian haplogroups M7c3c, M32, E1a1a or F3b1. A comparison of the mtDNA haplogroup distribution in Madagascar with Asian or African populations [23][24][25][26][27][28] underlined the special position of the Malagasy (Supplementary Figure S3) who cluster with none of the other populations.…”

Section: Maternal Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of population origin: a comparison of autosomal SNPs, Y-chromosomal and mtDNA haplogroups using a Malagasy population as example

Poetsch¹,

Wiegand²,

Harder³

et al. 2013

Eur J Hum Genet

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Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms have been used for population studies for a long time. However, there is another possibility to define the origin of a population: autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) whose allele frequencies differ considerably in different populations. In an attempt to compare the usefulness of these approaches we studied a population from Madagascar using all the three mentioned approaches. Former investigations of Malagasy maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y chromosome) lineages have led to the assumption that the Malagasy are an admixed population with an African and Asian-Indonesian heritage. Our additional study demonstrated that more than two-third of the Malagasy investigated showed clearly a West African genotype regarding only the autosomal SNPs despite the fact that 64% had an Asian mtDNA and more than 70% demonstrated an Asian-Indonesian heritage in either mtDNA or Y-chromosomal haplogroup or both. Nonetheless, the admixture of the Malagasy could be confirmed. A clear African or Asian-Indonesian heritage according to all the three DNA approaches investigated was only found in 14% and 1% of male samples, respectively. Not even the European or Northern African influences, detected in 9% of males (Y-chromosomal analysis) and 11% of samples (autosomal SNPs) were consistent. No Malagasy in our samples showed a European or Northern African origin in both categories. So, the analysis of autosomal SNPs could confirm the admixed character of the Malagasy population, even if it pointed to a greater African influence as detectable by Y-chromosomal or mtDNA analysis.

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Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel

Cited by 47 publications

References 47 publications

Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe

Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe

The Genetic Impact of the Lake Chad Basin Population in North Africa as Documented by Mitochondrial Diversity and Internal Variation of the L3e5 Haplogroup

Determination of population origin: a comparison of autosomal SNPs, Y-chromosomal and mtDNA haplogroups using a Malagasy population as example

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