Linking systemic arterial stiffness among adolescents to adverse childhood experiences

Klassen, Stephen A.; Chirico, Daniele; O’Leary, Deborah D.; Cairney, John; Wade, Terrance J.

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.04.002

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Early-life exposure to a variety of stressors, including low SES, poor childhood health, and a harsh family environment contribute to the early development of risk factors for heart disease, including elevated blood pressure, high blood cholesterol level, and systemic arterial stiffness (Klassen et al, 2016; Stein et al, 2010). Childhood SES, typically measured by the educational attainments of parents and the occupational prestige of the head of household, is the most widely studied early-life predictor of heart disease in adulthood (Galobardes et al, 2004), yet gender differences in this relationship are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early parenthood as a link between childhood disadvantage and adult heart problems: A gender-based approach

Lee

Ryff

2016

Social Science & Medicine

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Drawing on conceptual models of critical periods, major life transitions, and life pathways, we proposed that the life-course features of parenthood are important, but understudied, mechanisms for explaining possibly gendered heart-health outcomes. Using three waves from the Midlife in the U.S. Study (MIDUS), we investigated (a) gender differences in the timing of the transition to parenthood as a pathway linking childhood SES disadvantage to onset of heart problems and (b) life-course factors (which vary by gender) that link the timing of the transition to parenthood to adult heart problems. We found that individuals who were disadvantaged in childhood were more likely to have their first child as teenagers or in early young adulthood. For women only, an early transition to parenthood partially explained the association between childhood disadvantage and onset of heart problems. Furthermore, women who had their first child at younger ages, particularly in their teens, had lower rates of college graduation, more financial difficulties, higher levels of depressive symptoms, and greater risk of smoking and obesity in midlife. These factors partially accounted for the association between early parenthood and onset of heart problems in later life. Our findings underscore the significance of the timing of the transition to parenthood in specifying the associations between childhood disadvantage and adult heart problems. Various factors are involved, including low adult SES, psychological distress, and unhealthy lifestyles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early parenthood as a link between childhood disadvantage and adult heart problems: A gender-based approach

Lee

Ryff

2016

Social Science & Medicine

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“…112 Several studies also demonstrated that childhood adversities increase markers of subclinical CVD, including markers of endothelial dysfunction (E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1), 108 arterial stiffness, and carotid intima-media thickness progression. 113,114 Preliminary data suggest that epigenetic changes may form part of the biological linkage between subjective experience of adversity and objective cardiometabolic derangement. [115][116][117][118] Methylation of genes regulating pathways to obesity and metabolic disorders in adults exposed to child abuse also has been identified.…”

Section: Biological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood and Adolescent Adversity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Suglia¹,

Koenen²,

et al. 2018

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Adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence, defined as subjectively perceived threats to the safety or security of the child's bodily integrity, family, or social structures, are known to be associated with cardiometabolic outcomes over the life course into adulthood. This American Heart Association scientific statement reviews the scientific literature on the influence of childhood adversity on cardiometabolic outcomes that constitute the greatest public health burden in the United States, including obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. This statement also conceptually outlines pathways linking adversity to cardiometabolic health, identifies evidence gaps, and provides suggestions for future research to inform practice and policy. We note that, despite a lack of objective agreement on what subjectively qualifies as exposure to childhood adversity and a dearth of prospective studies, substantial evidence documents an association between childhood adversity and cardiometabolic outcomes across the life course. Future studies that focus on mechanisms, resiliency, and vulnerability factors would further strengthen the evidence and provide much-needed information on targets for effective interventions. Given that childhood adversities affect cardiometabolic health and multiple health domains across the life course, interventions that ameliorate these initial upstream exposures may be more appropriate than interventions remediating downstream cardiovascular disease risk factor effects later in life.

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“…The second pathway identified by Felitti () is that an adult health issue may occur as a result of chronic stress experienced during childhood. Some potential adult health issues that have been linked to ACEs include obesity (Isohookana, Marttunen, Hakko, Riipinen, & Riala, ; Rehkopf et al, ), poor heart health (Klassen, Chirico, O’Leary, Cairney, & Wade, ; Monnat & Chandler, ; Su et al, ), Type 2 diabetes (Huang et al, ; Monnat & Chandler, ), and digestive disorders (Park et al, ).…”

Section: Medical Implications Of Acesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This vascular remodeling of the arteries may contribute to hypertension in adulthood. Klassen et al () found that male adolescents exposed to four or more ACEs had higher systemic arterial stiffness than either males with fewer than four ACEs or females regardless of how many ACEs they reported. Su et al () found that young adults who had a higher ACE score had higher diastolic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance index, and radial pulse wave velocity when compared with those who had a lower ACE score.…”

Section: Medical Implications Of Acesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Complex Trauma: An Existential View of Adverse Childhood Experiences

Zyromski

Dollarhide

Aras

et al. 2018

J Humanistic Counseling

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Linking systemic arterial stiffness among adolescents to adverse childhood experiences

Cited by 38 publications

References 51 publications

Early parenthood as a link between childhood disadvantage and adult heart problems: A gender-based approach

Early parenthood as a link between childhood disadvantage and adult heart problems: A gender-based approach

Childhood and Adolescent Adversity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Beyond Complex Trauma: An Existential View of Adverse Childhood Experiences

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