Linking swimming performance, cardiac pumping ability and cardiac anatomy in rainbow trout

Abstract

vs 5.79±1.97·mW·g-1 , respectively). Cardiac morphology was visualised in vivo by Doppler echography on anaesthetised individual fish and revealed that poor swimmers had a significantly more rounded ventricle (reduced ventricle length to height ratio) compared with good swimmers, which in turn was correlated with fish condition factor. These results provide clear evidence that maximum cardiac performance is linked to AMR and U crit and indicate that a simple screening test can distinguish between rainbow trout with lower active metabolic rate, U crit , maximal cardiac pumping capacity and a more rounded ventricular morphology. These distinguishing traits may have been retained for 9 months despite a common growing environment and growth.

Sublethal exposure to crude oil during embryonic development alters cardiac morphology and reduces aerobic capacity in adult fish

“…After growing to adulthood in clean water (>10 mo), exposed zebrafish had reduced U crit , indicative of reduced cardiac output (19,23,27). For each clutch, U crit was measured by using a standard swim tunnel for equally sized fish from each of five replicate rearing tanks (Table 1; two-way ANOVA, P > 0.2).…”

“…Ventricular shape is linked to maximum cardiac output as demonstrated by critical swimming speed (U crit ) studies (19,20). Continuously swimming species such as salmon or herring have pyramidal ventricles (21,22), and fish with rounded ventricles (reduced length/width ratio) are slower swimmers with reduced cardiac output (23). Zebrafish are an appropriate model because they have pyramidal ventricles (24) and are among the highest measured critical swimming speeds (13 body lengths per s at 28°C) (25).…”

Correlates of prolonged swimming performance in F2 hybrids of migratory and non-migratory threespine stickleback ecotypes

“…Reidy et al, 2000), cardiac performance (e.g. Claireaux et al, 2005), skeletal muscle metabolic and contractile properties (e.g. Anttila et al, 2008), and drag (reviewed by Langerhans and Reznick, 2009).…”

“…Pearson and Stevens, 1991;Gallaugher et al, 1995;Brauner et al, 1993;Brauner et al, 2011) and studies on naturally occurring variation within populations (e.g. Kolok, 1992;Reidy et al, 2000;Claireaux et al, 2005) have also been used to determine which traits correlate with differences in prolonged swimming (reviewed by Kolok, 1999). However, little is known about the specific traits that have evolved to cause differences in prolonged swimming capacity within and among natural populations.…”

Subclinical Listonella anguillarum infection does not impair recovery of swimming performance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

“…Length was not a significant covariate, and so to facilitate comparisons to other studies (e.g. Jain et al 1997, Claireaux et al 2005, swim speed was subsequently reported standardized to length ). Hct and Lct data were arcsine transformed and compared using ANOVA.…”