Linking Sleep Disturbance and Maladaptive Repetitive Thought: The Role of Executive Function

Cox, Rebecca C.; Ebesutani, Chad; Olatunji, Bunmi O.

doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9713-5

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Several studies have also linked self-reported AC to levels of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), including rumination and worry. These studies consistently indicate that poorer attentional control is associated with higher levels of RNT (Cox, Ebesutani, & Olatunji, 2016; Hsu et al, 2015; Mills et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Does rumination mediate the relationship between attentional control and symptoms of depression?

DeJong

Fox

Stein

2019

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Background and objectives It has been suggested that impaired attentional control (AC) promotes the use of maladaptive emotional regulation strategies, such as rumination, with subsequent increase in risk of depression. Method This study examined this hypothesis in a healthy community sample. Questionnaire measures of depression, anxiety, rumination and self-reported AC (shifting and focusing) were used, as well as an attention performance task (Attention Network Task; ANT). Results While self-report and performance measures of AC were not significantly related, both depression and rumination were associated with reduced self-reported AC. Depression was specifically associated with poorer attentional shifting. Depression and brooding were also associated with better performance on the conflict component of the ANT. Importantly, the relationships of ANT conflict and self-reported AC to depression were mediated by brooding. Limitations The current study used a community sample, and it is unclear if results would generalise to a clinical population. All measures were taken concurrently and so it is not possible to confidently ascertain causality or direction of effects. Conclusions These results are consistent with the suggestion that impaired AC, particularly a narrow and inflexible attentional focus, may increase risk of depression by promoting ruminative thinking. The results highlight the importance of considering both self-report and performance measures of AC, as well as different components of attentional performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Does rumination mediate the relationship between attentional control and symptoms of depression?

DeJong

Fox

Stein

2019

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…This result was confirmed by Bartel, Gradisar and Williamson , who reported that presleep worry likely negatively impacted sleep. It is common for adolescents’ thoughts to turn to rumination, according to Cox, Ebesutani and Olatunji , who reported a link between sleep disturbance and repetitive thoughts, such as worry. This result confirms the importance of school nurses being available to listen to adolescents’ concerns and encourage dialogue about existential thoughts even if the adolescents do not speak spontaneously about them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents: a content analysis

Jakobsson

Josefsson

Högberg

2019

Scandinavian Caring Sciences

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Sleeping difficulties are increasingly prevalent among adolescents worldwide and have negative consequences for adolescent health and education. The aim of this study was to describe the reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents. Sleeping difficulties include insufficient sleep, trouble falling asleep, waking up at night or sleep that does not leave an individual rested. Data were collected in 2015 using an open-ended question. The sample consisted of n = 475 adolescents from a city in Sweden, aged 15-16 years, with self-assessed sleeping difficulties. The results described the reasons for the adolescents' sleeping difficulties, at a general, thematic level, as an imbalance between requirements and preconditions, distributed to stress, technology use, poor sleep habits, existential thoughts, needs and suffering. To find a balance in their daily lives, adolescents may need support from parents, school nurses and school health services to deal with their sleeping difficulties.

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“…This model proposes that trauma-related appraisals related to impending danger (such as 'I will be attacked again') or negative interpretations of symptoms (such as 'If I go to sleep I will not notice intruders ' (p. 330) or 'Not sleeping will damage my body') motivate the use of dysfunctional coping strategies such as staying up late because of fear of nightmares, or ruminative thoughts about the trauma, or repetitive thinking about one's emotional state (similar to brooding about feeling sad in depression, Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), which may then interfere with sleep onset and quality (Ehlers & Clark, 2000). Consistent with this, in non-clinical populations, maladaptive repetitive thoughts have been linked to more severe sleep disturbances (Cox, Ebesutani, & Olatunji, 2016;Nota & Coles, 2015), and shown to mediate the relationship between depressed mood and sleep quality (Slavish & Graham-Engeland, 2015). Studies in clinical populations of individuals with Generalised Anxiety Disorder have also shown that the frequency of evening worry predicts subsequent sleep quality, and vice versa (Thielsch et al, 2015), and rumination following a stressor has been found to predict increased self-reported and objective sleep onset latency (Zoccola, Dickerson, & Lam, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Night-time rumination in PTSD: development and validation of a brief measure

Woodward

Sachschal

Beierl

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Pre-sleep cognitive activity and arousal have long been implicated in the maintenance of insomnia. However, despite high comorbidity between insomnia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), pre-sleep thoughts in PTSD and their associations with disturbed sleep, have not yet been investigated. Objective: This study presents the development and preliminary validation of a brief selfreport measure of the content of trauma-related pre-sleep thoughts: the Trauma Thoughts before Sleep Inventory (TTSI). Methods: Participants (N = 285) were recruited online into five groups: three groups with clinical symptoms, 1) PTSD; 2) depression without PTSD; 3) insomnia without depression or PTSD; and two healthy control groups 4) nontrauma-exposed controls; 5) trauma-exposed controls. The questionnaire was administered at baseline, and for a subsample (n = 157) again one week later to assess test-retest reliability. At baseline, participants also completed questionnaires of sleep quality, PTSD and depression symptoms, and insomnia-related thoughts. Results: The TTSI had good reliability and validity; it discriminated participants with PTSD from those with depression and insomnia, those with depression from insomnia, and correlated with existing measures of pre-sleep thoughts, self-reported pre-sleep arousal and poor sleep. Conclusions: The results support the utility of the TTSI for measuring thoughts that keep people with PTSD awake, although replication in an independent clinical sample is required. Rumiación nocturna en el trastorno de estrés postraumático: desarrollo y validación de una escala breve Antecedentes: La actividad cognitiva y la excitación previa al sueño han estado implicadas durante mucho tiempo en el mantenimiento del insomnio. Sin embargo, a pesar de la alta comorbilidad entre el insomnio y el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), los pensamientos previos al sueño en el trastorno de estrés postraumático y sus asociaciones con trastornos del sueño, aún no se han investigado. Objetivo: Este estudio presenta el desarrollo y la validación preliminar de una escala breve de autoreporte del contenido de los pensamientos previos al sueño relacionados con el trauma: El Inventario de Pensamientos Traumáticos Previos al Sueño (IPTPS). Métodos: Los participantes (N = 285) fueron reclutados en línea y se dividieron en cinco grupos: tres grupos con síntomas clínicos, 1) TEPT; 2) depresión sin TEPT; 3) insomnio sin depresión o TEPT; y dos grupos de control sanos 4) controles no expuestos a traumas; 5) Controles expuestos al trauma. El cuestionario se administró al inicio del estudio y para una submuestra (n = 157) nuevamente una semana después, para evaluar la confiabilidad testretest. Al inicio, los participantes también completaron cuestionarios de calidad del sueño, trastorno de estrés postraumático y depresión, y pensamientos relacionados con el insomnio. Resultados: El IPTPS tuvo buena confiabilidad y validez; discriminó a los participantes con TEPT de aquellos con depresión e insomnio, aquellos con dep...

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Linking Sleep Disturbance and Maladaptive Repetitive Thought: The Role of Executive Function

Cited by 33 publications

References 83 publications

Does rumination mediate the relationship between attentional control and symptoms of depression?

Does rumination mediate the relationship between attentional control and symptoms of depression?

Reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents: a content analysis

Night-time rumination in PTSD: development and validation of a brief measure

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