“…4) suggesting rapid pulses of high-magnitude uplift over the past 10-20 Myr across parts of the central and northern Andes (Gregory-Wodzicki, 2000; Garzione et al, 2006;Ghosh et al, 2006;Garzione et al, 2008;Mulch et al, 2010;Leier et al, 2013;Garzione et al, 2014;Saylor and Horton, 2014). Additional studies have used indirect means to evaluate the location, timing, and magnitude of surface uplift of the Andes, such as sediment provenance studies (Roddaz et al, 2005;Horton et al, 2010), river incision histories (e.g., Hoke et al, 2007;Schildgen et al, 2007), aridification and structural tilting of the western slope (e.g., Rech et al, 2006;Jordan et al, 2010), and these studies generally agree with the quantitative estimates of surface elevation change. Such a punctuated history would support an alternative mechanism of surface uplift operating at shorter timescales and largely decoupled from shortening, crustal thickening, and basin flexure.…”