“…The influence of invertebrate predation on cladoceran cyclomorphosis has been well-studied, with invertebrate predators inducing an increase in body size and the development of defensive structures such as neck teeth in Daphnia (Hebert and Grewe, 1985;Black, 1993) and elongated mucros and antennules in Bosmina (Kerfoot, 1975;Black, 1980). However, other environmental factors also affect cladoceran size structure, including temperature (Coker, 1939;Brooks, 1946;Hebert, 1978;Kappes and Sinsch, 2002), food availability (Hebert, 1978), and pH (Locke and Sprules, 2000;Korosi et al, 2008). Size structure is an important attribute of zooplankton ecology, influencing algal grazing rates (larger-sized animals tend to be more efficient grazers; DeMott, 1982;Tóth and Kato, 1997), fitness, competitive abilities, and energy transfer up the food web (Lynch, 1977;Hart and Bychek, 2011).…”