Linking lignocellulosic dietary patterns with gut microbial Enterotypes of Tsaitermes ampliceps and comparison with Mironasutitermes shangchengensis

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Tsaitermes ampliceps (lower termites) and Mironasutitermes shangchengensis (higher termites) are highly eusocial insects that thrive on recalcitrant lignocellulosic diets through nutritional symbioses with gut dwelling prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and a 16S rRNA clone library to investigate i) how microbial communities adapt to lignocellulosic diets with different cellulose and lignin content, ii) the differences in the dominant gut microbial communities of the 2 types of termites. The results indicated that gut microbiota composition in T. ampliceps was profoundly affected by 2-week diet shifts. Comparison of these changes indicated that Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes act in cellulose degradation, while Firmicutes were responsible for lignin degradation. Additionally, Proteobacteria consistently participated in energy production and balanced the gut environment. Bacteroidetes may 13955 Gut microbiota in termites with different diets ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 13954-13967 (2015) function without hindgut protozoans in higher termites. The diversity of enteric microorganisms in M. shangchengensis was higher than that in T. ampliceps, possibly because of the more complicated survival mechanisms of higher termites.

Microbial diversity associated to the intestinal tract of soil invertebrates

“…Numerous Bacteroides phylotypes were closely related to clones resulting from the intestinal tract of termites (Su et al, 2015) and Coleoptera (Tagliavia et al, 2014). Along with members of phylum Firmicutes, this was demonstrated as prevailing in the intestine of termites and Orthoptera (Su et al, 2015;Waite et al, 2015). These include representatives with the fermentative metabolism of the phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which assumes their contribution to decomposing vegetable residues (Hongoh et al, 2006).…”

A technical soda lignin as sole carbon-diet for a higher termite species, Nasutitermes ephratae: insight into the changes in the gut bacterial community and in the lignin phenolic fraction

“…By contrast, ingestion of PB1000 triggered the decrease of the relative abundance of these phyla and the increase of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Changes in the structure of the gut bacterial community was expected since it has been well documented that different dietary habits shape the structure of termite-gut microbiota [32][33][34]. Of a particular importance in the present study is the determination of the bacterial groups which predominate in the community when termites were fed with PB1000.…”

“…Vinylphenol (peak 5) was observed only in the pyrograms from PB1000. The total of G compounds was calculated without including vinylguaiacol (peak 7) as this product may originate from G lignin units as well as from ferulate units that occur in grass samples [34]. When pyrolysis was performed from the termite gut samples containing either the digested PB1000 or the digested birch wood sample new peaks labelled P could be seen that could be assigned to protein-derived pyrolysis products ( Fig.…”

In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activities of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium Strains from Healthy Children’s Sources and Their Effect on Stimulating GLP-1 Secretion in STC-1 Cells

“…In this study, all strains were highly self-aggregating; therefore, all strains could adhere to the host intestinal tract within a short period. Cell surface hydrophobicity is associated with non-specific adhesion [44]. And a highly hydrophobic cell surface is an essential factor in preventing environmental interference during probiotic adhesion and colonization [45].…”