“…Particular instructional methods, such as selfassessment tools, action learning and case discussions, can result in particular leader outcomes, like changed understanding, increased confi dence and self-awareness and changes to clinical leadership practice (Miller, Umble, Dinkin, & Frederick, 2007). Nevertheless, despite instructional methods giving rise to specifi c outcomes, participants frequently integrate information and skills from multiple methods to achieve particular outcomes (Miller et al, 2007).…”