Linking high-energy cosmic particles by black-hole jets embedded in large-scale structures

Fang, Ke; Murase, Kohta

doi:10.1038/s41567-017-0025-4

Cited by 167 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…As mentioned before, the production of gamma-rays and neutrinos is smaller in models that include heavier nuclei. In general, mixed composition models that fit the UHECR spectrum and the composition profile measured by Auger are compatible with the constraints imposed by current gamma-ray and neutrino observations [26,27,22,28,29,30,31,32]. Only models with a very strong evolution are excluded by current observations [22].…”

Section: Constraints On Source Model Of Uhecrssupporting

confidence: 70%

Implications of gamma-ray and neutrino observations on source models of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

Supanitsky¹

2019

Proceedings of International Conference on Black Holes as Cosmic Batteries: UHECRs and Multimessenger Astronomy — PoS(BHCB2018)

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The origin and nature of the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are still unknown. However, great progress has been achieved in past years due to the observations performed by the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array. Above 10 18 eV the observed energy spectrum presents two features: a hardening of the slope at about 10 18.7 eV, which is known as the ankle and a suppression at approximately 10 19.6 eV. The composition inferred from the experimental data, interpreted by using the current high energy hadronic interaction models, seems to be light below the ankle, showing a trend to heavier nuclei for increasing values of the primary energy.Current high energy hadronic interaction models, updated by using Large Hadron Collider data, are still subject to large systematic uncertainties, which makes difficult the interpretation of the experimental data in terms of composition. On the other hand, it is very well known that gamma rays and neutrinos are produced by UHECRs during propagation from their sources, as a consequence of their interactions with the radiation field present in the universe. The flux at Earth of these secondary particles depends on the source models of UHECRs including the chemical composition at injection. Therefore, both gamma-ray and neutrino observations can be used to constrain source models of UHECRs, including the composition in a way which is independent of the high energy hadronic interaction models. In this article I will review recent results obtained by using the latest gamma-ray and neutrino observations.

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Section: Constraints On Source Model Of Uhecrssupporting

confidence: 70%

Implications of gamma-ray and neutrino observations on source models of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

Supanitsky¹

2019

Proceedings of International Conference on Black Holes as Cosmic Batteries: UHECRs and Multimessenger Astronomy — PoS(BHCB2018)

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“…To quantify the future constraining power of neutrino data on source evolution, we use the number of IC86-years to 90% CL exclusion. 3 In order for neutrino data to be strongly constraining, in either the evolution index m or the redshift cutoff z 0 , another 10 IC86-years of exposure are needed regardless of the HEG. Beyond that, future neutrino constraints will be strongly sensitive to the HEG used to interpret Auger data.…”

Section: B Source Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress towards characterizing ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources

2019

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We use a multimessenger approach to constrain realistic mixed composition models of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources using the latest cosmic ray, neutrino, and gamma-ray data. We build on the successful Unger-Farrar-Anchordoqui 2015 (UFA15) model which explains the shape of the spectrum and its complex composition evolution via photodisintegration of accelerated nuclei in the photon field surrounding the source. We explore the constraints which can currently be placed on the redshift evolution of sources and the temperature of the photon field surrounding the sources. We show that a good fit is obtained to all data either with a source which accelerates a narrow range of nuclear masses or a Milky Way-like mix of nuclear compositions, but in the latter case the nearest source should be 30-50 Mpc away from the Milky Way in order to fit observations from the Pierre Auger Observatory. We also ask whether the data allow for a subdominant purely protonic component at UHE in addition to the primary UFA15 mixed composition component. We find that such a two-component model can significantly improve the fit to cosmic ray data while being compatible with current multimessenger data.

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“…C15 also pointed out that any reacceleration model that uses galactic CRs as seeds naturally predicts a match between the chemical composition at/above the knee and that of UHECRs: given a rigidity cutoff at a few PV, the UHECR spectrum should be proton dominated at 10 18 eV and increasingly heavier at higher energies, consistent with experimental data. This argument was originally put forward in the context of the espresso mechanism but has been applied to other frameworks too (e.g., Fang & Murase 2018;Kimura et al 2018).…”

Section: Espresso Reacceleration In Agnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei

Mbarek

Caprioli

2019

ApJ

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It has been proposed that ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) up to 10 20 eV could be produced in the relativistic jets of powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs) via a one-shot reacceleration of lower-energy CRs produced in supernova remnants (the espresso mechanism). We test this theory by propagating particles in realistic 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of ultrarelativistic jets and find that about 10% of the CRs entering the jet are boosted by at least a factor of ∼Γ 2 in energy, where Γ is the jet's effective Lorentz factor, in agreement with the analytical expectations. Furthermore, about 0.1% of the CRs undergo two or more shots and achieve boosts well in excess of Γ 2 . Particles are typically accelerated up to the Hillas limit, suggesting that the espresso mechanism may promote galactic-like CRs to UHECRs even in AGN jets with moderate Lorentz factors, and not in powerful blazars only. Finally, we find that the sign of the toroidal magnetic field in the jet and in the cocoon controls the angular distribution of the reaccelerated particles, leading to a UHECR emission that may be either quasi-isotropic or beamed along the jet axis. These findings strongly support the idea that espresso acceleration in AGN jets can account for the UHECR spectra, chemical composition, and arrival directions measured by Auger and Telescope Array.

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Linking high-energy cosmic particles by black-hole jets embedded in large-scale structures

Cited by 167 publications

References 85 publications

Implications of gamma-ray and neutrino observations on source models of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

Implications of gamma-ray and neutrino observations on source models of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

Progress towards characterizing ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources

Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei

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