Linking Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism: Moving beyond Associations

Lamichhane, Santosh; Sen, Partho; Alves, Marina Amaral; Ribeiro, Henrique Caracho; Raunioniemi, Peppi; Hyötyläinen, Tuulia; Orešič, Matej

doi:10.3390/metabo11010055

Cited by 62 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Previous studies correlated these genera with short-chain fatty acid production, metabolic dysbiosis reduction, and anti-inflammatory activity increase (Jenq et al, 2015;Garcia-Mantrana et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019;Todorov et al, 2020). Moreover, several other studies have demonstrated how microbial lipids alter circulating host cholesterol and sphingolipid concentrations, thus impacting human lipid homeostasis (Lamichhane et al, 2021;Nanda and Ghosh, 2021). For example, a study found that tocilizumab treatment resulted in host lipid and metabolic alterations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection (Meoni et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Gut Microbiota Interplay With COVID-19 Reveals Links to Host Lipid Metabolism Among Middle Eastern Populations

et al. 2021

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The interplay between the compositional changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) susceptibility and severity, and host functions is complex and yet to be fully understood. This study performed 16S rRNA gene-based microbial profiling of 143 subjects. We observed structural and compositional alterations in the gut microbiota of the SARS-CoV-2-infected group in comparison to non-infected controls. The gut microbiota composition of the SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals showed an increase in anti-inflammatory bacteria such as Faecalibacterium (p-value = 1.72 × 10–6) and Bacteroides (p-value = 5.67 × 10–8). We also revealed a higher relative abundance of the highly beneficial butyrate producers such as Anaerostipes (p-value = 1.75 × 10–230), Lachnospiraceae (p-value = 7.14 × 10–65), and Blautia (p-value = 9.22 × 10–18) in the SARS-CoV-2-infected group in comparison to the control group. Moreover, phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstructing unobserved state (PICRUSt) functional prediction analysis of the 16S rRNA gene abundance data showed substantial differences in the enrichment of metabolic pathways such as lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate, and xenobiotic metabolism, in comparison between both groups. We discovered an enrichment of linoleic acid, ether lipid, glycerolipid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the SARS-CoV-2-infected group, suggesting a link to SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in host cells. We estimate the major contributing genera to the four pathways to be Parabacteroides, Streptococcus, Dorea, and Blautia, respectively. The identified differences provide a new insight to enrich our understanding of SARS-CoV-2-related changes in gut microbiota, their metabolic capabilities, and potential screening biomarkers linked to COVID-19 disease severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Gut Microbiota Interplay With COVID-19 Reveals Links to Host Lipid Metabolism Among Middle Eastern Populations

et al. 2021

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“…In a back-and-forth response, gut microbiota can exert a substantial influence on host lipid metabolism, and mechanistic links involving the microbial generation of SCFAs, microbial processing of bile acids, and bacterial-derived pro-inflammatory factors have been reported in mouse models (Schoeler and Caesar, 2019 ; Lamichhane et al, 2021 ). This highlights a gut microbiota-liver axis where SCFAs generated by the gut bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber fuel the SCD1 (Stearoyl CoA desaturase)-mediated lipogenesis in the liver of mice (Singh et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Talk Between Intestinal Microbiota and Host Gene Expression in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: Insights in Fish Feeds for Increased Circularity and Resource Utilization

et al. 2021

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New types of fish feed based on processed animal proteins (PAPs), insect meal, yeast, and microbial biomasses have been used with success in gilthead sea bream. However, some drawback effects on feed conversion and inflammatory systemic markers were reported in different degrees with PAP- and non-PAP-based feed formulations. Here, we focused on the effects of control and two experimental diets on gut mucosal-adherent microbiota, and how it correlated with host transcriptomics at the local (intestine) and systemic (liver and head kidney) levels. The use of tissue-specific PCR-arrays of 93 genes in total rendered 13, 12, and 9 differentially expressed (DE) genes in the intestine, liver, and head kidney, respectively. Illumina sequencing of gut microbiota yielded a mean of 125,350 reads per sample, assigned to 1,281 operational taxonomic unit (OTUs). Bacterial richness and alpha diversity were lower in fish fed with the PAP diet, and discriminant analysis displayed 135 OTUs driving the separation between groups with 43 taxa correlating with 27 DE genes. The highest expression of intestinal pcna and alpi was achieved in PAP fish with intermediate values in non-PAP, being the pro-inflammatory action of alpi associated with the presence of Psychrobacter piscatorii. The intestinal muc13 gene was down-regulated in non-PAP fish, with this gene being negatively correlated with anaerobic (Chloroflexi and Anoxybacillus) and metal-reducing (Pelosinus and Psychrosinus) bacteria. Other inflammatory markers (igm, il8, tnfα) were up-regulated in PAP fish, positively correlating the intestinal igm gene with the inflammasome activator Escherichia/Shigella, whereas the systemic expression of il8 and tnfα was negatively correlated with the Bacilli class in PAP fish and positively correlated with Paracoccus yeei in non-PAP fish. Overall changes in the expression pattern of il10, galectins (lgals1, lgals8), and toll-like receptors (tlr2, tlr5, tlr9) reinforced the anti-inflammatory profile of fish fed with the non-PAP diet, with these gene markers being associated with a wide range of OTUs. A gut microbiota-liver axis was also established, linking the microbial generation of short chain fatty acids with the fueling of scd1- and elovl6-mediated lipogenesis. In summary, by correlating the microbiome with host gene expression, we offer new insights in the evaluation of fish diets promoting gut and metabolism homeostasis, and ultimately, the health of farmed fish.

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“…The metabolome can be divided into the primary metabolome, which is controlled by the host genome, and the co-metabolome that is dependent on the microbiome [ 8 ]. Recently, several studies have also shown the connection between microbiome and lipidome and how microbial lipids alter intestinal and circulating lipid concentrations in the host cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis, thus impacting human health [ 9 ]. The integration of metabolomic and lipidomic analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the metabolic network enabling the identification of critical metabolic drivers in disease pathology, facilitating the study of the interaction between lipids and metabolites as the disease progresses [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioselectivity Effects in Clinical Metabolomics and Lipidomics

2021

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Metabolomics and lipidomics have demonstrated increasing importance in underlying biochemical mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diseases to identify novel drug targets and/or biomarkers for establishing therapeutic approaches for human health. Particularly, bioactive metabolites and lipids have biological activity and have been implicated in various biological processes in physiological conditions. Thus, comprehensive metabolites, and lipids profiling are required to obtain further advances in understanding pathophysiological changes that occur in cells and tissues. Chirality is one of the most important phenomena in living organisms and has attracted long-term interest in medical and natural science. Enantioselective separation plays a pivotal role in understanding the distribution and physiological function of a diversity of chiral bioactive molecules. In this context, it has been the goal of method development for targeted and untargeted metabolomics and lipidomic assays. Herein we will highlight the benefits and challenges involved in these stereoselective analyses for clinical samples.

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Linking Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism: Moving beyond Associations

Cited by 62 publications

References 128 publications

Gut Microbiota Interplay With COVID-19 Reveals Links to Host Lipid Metabolism Among Middle Eastern Populations

Gut Microbiota Interplay With COVID-19 Reveals Links to Host Lipid Metabolism Among Middle Eastern Populations

Cross-Talk Between Intestinal Microbiota and Host Gene Expression in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: Insights in Fish Feeds for Increased Circularity and Resource Utilization

Enantioselectivity Effects in Clinical Metabolomics and Lipidomics

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