Linking Chronic Otitis Media and Nasal Obstruction: A CFD Approach

Burgos, Manuel A.; Pardo, Alejandro; Rodríguez, Rosario Oliva; Rodríguez-Balbuena, Beatriz; Castro, D.; Piqueras, Francisco; Esteban, Francisco

doi:10.1002/lary.29882

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Deng [7] et al established a model by detailed mathematical description of airway bifurcation geometry and contracted the tube diameter to represent different ages of lungs; Yu Shen [8] et al reconstructed a numerical model of the airway using CT data of patients' airways and explored the characteristics of particle deposition in the airway by numerical simulation. Farnoud et al [9] simulated the diffusion and deposition of nasal aerosol particles at constant inhalation ow rates of 4.78 L/min and 7.5 L/min at different angles and monodisperse particles with particle diameters of 2.4 um and 10 um; Burgos [10] used using computational uid dynamics (CFD) methods to link nasal and chronic suppurative otitis media, a study that supported the possible association of altered nasal air ow with the etiology of chronic suppurative otitis media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical study of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy subjects

Yang

Sun

Tang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To build a finite element numerical model of the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities in healthy subjects and analyze the particle deposition characteristics of the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities under different conditions, in order to investigate the influencing factors of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy subjects from the perspective of biomechanics, and to provide reference for the potential predisposing factors of clinical nasal and nasopharyngeal diseases and transnasal drug delivery methods. The nasal multi-layer spiral CT data of a healthy adult male volunteer was collected, and a three-dimensional numerical model was reconstructed based on the obtained image data (the model included nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal cavity, and pharyngeal cavity), and then numerical simulations were performed for particle deposition under different airflow rate, particle size and particle density conditions. In the reconstructed model, the nasal threshold, the nasal vestibule, the anterior part of the inferior and middle turbinates, and the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal apex are the most likely areas for particle settling. When the airflow rate was 30L/min and 60L/min, the deposition efficiency(DE) of the reconstructed model was more than 80% with different particle diameters and particle densities. When the particle diameter is 10um and 15um, the deposition efficiency of the reconstructed model can reach more than 90% under different airflow rate and particle density. When the particle density and airflow rate were constant, the deposition efficiency of particles in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx decreased as the particle diameter became larger. A numerical model of nasal and nasopharyngeal cavity biomechanics can be established to explore the important influencing factors of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities from a biomechanical perspective. It was found that: 1. particle deposition mainly at the nasal threshold and nasal vestibule in the nasal cavity, and mainly at the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal apex in the nasopharyngeal cavity; 2. airflow velocity, particle size and density all had effects on particle deposition rate, among which particle size had the greatest effect on particle deposition, followed by airflow rate, and the effect of particle density changes on particle deposition was not significant; 3. when particle density and airflow rate were constant, the smaller the particle diameter, the the more particle deposition in the nasopharyngeal cavity, the larger the particle diameter, the more particle deposition increases in the anterior part of the nasal cavity, and the less particle deposition in the nasopharyngeal cavity; 4. As the particle diameter increases, the particle deposition in this reconstructed model increases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical study of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy subjects

Yang

Sun

Tang

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The details of the computational domains are presented in Figure 1A . Thus, we used a non-truncated computational domain, which consists of all or part of the subject’s head, surrounded by an atmosphere from which air is inhaled through the nasal passage ( 27 , 28 , 30 , 31 ) (see Figure 1A ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A notable tool is the virtual scalpel, which facilitates the removal of material from a three-dimensional model representing the anatomical structure of the subject animal. The scalpel was calibrated to ensure precision in the incisions and to minimize the removal of non-target tissues ( 27 , 28 , 30 , 31 ). In addition, the module incorporates polyline technology, which enables the user to manipulate partitions or augment materials in a manner that adheres to the septum and meatus anatomical patterns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We generated unstructured tetrahedral meshes with sizes ranging from 7 to 30 million tetrahedral cells to solve the governing equations of the fluid flow and performed a mesh convergence study to evaluate the accuracy of the values in the simulations (see Table 10 ) ( 27 , 28 , 30–32 ). The numerical solutions of the equations included temperature (provided in Kelvin units but converted to degrees Celsius for a correct understanding of the study), velocity (m/s), and absolute humidity (Kg/m 3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sections or cuts were equidistant and homologous in all three specimens. Eight anatomical sections and the inlet section represented the atmosphere and the outlet section of the nasopharyngeal tract ( Figure 1B ) ( 27 , 28 , 30–32 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancements in veterinary medicine: the use of Flowgy for nasal airflow simulation and surgical predictions in big felids (a case study in lions)

Burgos,

Pérez-Ramos,

Mulot

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Flowgy is a semi-automated tool designed to simulate airflow across the nasal passage and detect airflow alterations in humans. In this study, we tested the use and accuracy of Flowgy in non-human vertebrates, using large felids as the study group. Understanding the dynamics of nasal airflow in large felids such as lions (Panthera leo) is crucial for their health and conservation. Therefore, we simulated airflow during inspiration through the nasal passage in three lions (Panthera leo), two of which were siblings (specimens ZPB_PL_002 and ZPB_PL_003), without breathing obstructions. However, one of the specimens (ZPB_PL_001) exhibited a slight obstruction in the nasal vestibule, which precluded the specimen from breathing efficiently. Computed tomography (CT) scans of each specimen were obtained to create detailed three-dimensional models of the nasal passage. These models were then imported into Flowgy to simulate the airflow dynamics. Virtual surgery was performed on ZPB_PL_001 to remove the obstruction and re-simulate the airflow. In parallel, we simulated the respiration of the two sibling specimens and performed an obstructive operation followed by an operation to remove the obstruction at the same level and under the same conditions as the original specimen (ZPB_PL_001). Thus, we obtained a pattern of precision for the operation by having two comparable replicas with the obstructed and operated specimens. The simulations revealed consistent airflow patterns in the healthy specimens, demonstrating the accuracy of Flowgy. The originally obstructed specimen and two artificially obstructed specimens showed a significant reduction in airflow through the right nostril, which was restored after virtual surgery. Postoperative simulation indicated an improvement of >100% in respiratory function. Additionally, the temperature and humidity profiles within the nostrils showed marked improvements after surgery. These findings underscore the potential of Flowgy in simulating nasal airflow and predicting the outcomes of surgical interventions in large felids. This could aid in the early detection of respiratory diseases and inform clinical decision-making, contributing to improved veterinary care and conservation efforts. However, further research is needed to validate these findings in other species and explore the potential of integrating Flowgy with other diagnostic and treatment tools in veterinary medicine.

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Assessing nasal airway resistance and symmetry: An approach to global perspective through computational fluid dynamics

Burgos,

Bastir,

Pérez‐Ramos

et al. 2024

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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This study aimed to explore the variability in nasal airflow patterns among different sexes and populations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We focused on evaluating the universality and applicability of dimensionless parameters R (bilateral nasal resistance) and ϕ (nasal flow asymmetry), initially established in a Caucasian Spanish cohort, across a broader spectrum of human populations to assess normal breathing function in healthy airways. In this retrospective study, CT scans from Cambodia (20 males, 20 females), Russia (20 males, 18 females), and Spain (19 males, 19 females) were analyzed. A standardized CFD workflow was implemented to calculate R‐ϕ parameters from these scans. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess and compare these parameters across different sexes and populations, emphasizing their distribution and variances. Our results indicated no significant sex‐based differences in the R parameter across the populations. However, moderate sexual dimorphism in the ϕ parameter was observed in the Cambodian group. Notably, no geographical differences were found in either R or ϕ parameters, suggesting consistent nasal airflow characteristics across the diverse human groups studied. The study also emphasized the importance of using dimensionless variables to effectively analyze the relationships between form and function in nasal airflow. The observed consistency of R‐ϕ parameters across various populations highlights their potential as reliable indicators in both medical practice and further CFD research, particularly in diverse human populations. Our findings suggest the potential applicability of dimensionless CFD parameters in analyzing nasal airflow, highlighting their utility across diverse demographic and geographic contexts. This research advances our understanding of nasal airflow dynamics and underscores the need for additional studies to validate these parameters in broader population cohorts. The approach of employing dimensionless parameters paves the way for future research that eliminates confounding size effects, enabling more accurate comparisons across different populations and sexes. The implications of this study are significant for the advancement of personalized medicine and the development of diagnostic tools that accommodate individual variations in nasal airflow.

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Linking Chronic Otitis Media and Nasal Obstruction: A CFD Approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Biomechanical study of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy subjects

Biomechanical study of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy subjects

Advancements in veterinary medicine: the use of Flowgy for nasal airflow simulation and surgical predictions in big felids (a case study in lions)

Assessing nasal airway resistance and symmetry: An approach to global perspective through computational fluid dynamics

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