Linking Brainwaves to the Brain: An ERP Primer

Key, Alexandra P.; Dove, Guy; Maguire, Mandy J.

doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2702_1

Cited by 296 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 246 publications

(293 reference statements)

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“…These effects are consistent with P2 activation. P2, like N1, is sensitive to physical properties of stimuli, such as loudness and pitch (Key, et al, 2005). In the present experiment, then, it appears that P2 activation was enhanced when a spectral change occurred between stimuli, but only when those stimuli were separated by certain gap durations.…”

supporting

confidence: 38%

“…Therefore, the P1-N1-P2 is particularly well suited for studying a number of acoustic cues important for the perception of speech, including silent gaps. These peaks occur approximately 50 ms (P1), 100 ms (N1), and 200 ms (P2) after stimulus onset and are thought to represent synchronous neural firing in the thalamic-cortical segment of the central auditory system in response to the onset of acoustic change (for review see Key, Dove, & Maguire, 2005; also Naatanen & Picton, 1987;Wolpaw & Penry, 1975;Woods, 1995).Specifically, the P1 is thought to be generated in the superior temporal gyrus, and is associated with auditory inhibition and sensory gating (Huotilainen, et al, 1998;Thoma, et al, 2003;Waldo, Gerhardt, Baker, Drebing, Adler, & Freedman, 1992). The N1 component is thought to reflect stimulus characteristics such as intensity and timing (Naatanen & Picton, 1987), and may be generated by activity in the superior temporal plane as well as other sources in the temporal and frontal lobes (Knight, Scabini, Woods, & Clayworth, 1988; Papanicolaou, Bau-mann, Rogers, Saydjari, Amparo, & Eisenberg, 1990;Scherg, Vajsar, & Picton, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

2007

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Objectives-The objective of this study was to describe the cortical evoked response to silent gaps in a group of young adults with normal hearing using stimulus conditions identical to those used in psychophysical studies of gap detection. Specifically, we sought to examine the P1-N1-P2 auditory evoked response to the onsets of stimuli (markers) defining a silent gap for withinchannel (spectrally identical markers) and across-channel (spectrally different markers) conditions using four perceptually-equated gap durations. It was hypothesized that (1) P1, N1, and P2 would be present and consistent for 1st marker (before the gap) onsets; (2) for within-channel markers, P1, N1, and P2 would be present for 2nd marker (after the gap) onsets only when the gap was of a duration equal to or larger than the behaviorally measured gap detection threshold; and (3) for the across-channel conditions, P1, N1, and P2 would be present for 2nd marker onsets regardless of gap duration. This is expected due to the additional cue of frequency change following the gap.Design-Twelve young adults (mean age 26 years) with normal hearing participated. Withinchannel and across-channel gap detection thresholds were determined using an adaptive psychophysical procedure. Next, cortical auditory evoked potentials (P1-N1-P2) were recorded with a 32-channel Neuro-scan™ electroencephalogram system using within-channel and acrosschannel markers identical to those used for the psychophysical task and four perceptually weighted gap durations: (1) individual listener's gap detection threshold; (2) above gap detection threshold; (3) below gap detection threshold; and (4) a 1-ms gap identical to the gap in the standard interval of the psychophysical task. P1-N1-P2 peak latencies and amplitudes were analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance. A temporal-spatial principal component analysis was also conducted.Results-The latency of P2 and the amplitude of P1, N1, and P2 were significantly affected by the acoustic characteristics of the 2nd marker as well as the duration of the gap. Larger amplitudes and shorter latencies were generally found for the conditions in which the acoustic cues were most salient (e.g., across-channel markers, 1st markers, large gap durations). Interestingly, the temporal-spatial principal component analysis revealed activity elicited by gap durations equal to gap detection threshold in the latency regions of 167 and 183 ms for temporal-parietal and rightfrontal spatial locations.Address for correspondence: Jennifer Lister, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. PCD 1017, Tampa, FL 33620. jlister@cas.usf.edu.. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptConclusions-The cortical response to a silent gap is unique to specific marker characteristics and gap durations among young adults with normal hearing. Specifically, when the onset of the 2nd marker is perceptually salient, the amplitude of the P1-N1-P2 re...

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supporting

confidence: 38%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

2007

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“…This suggestion is consistent with the finding that the parietal P1 component was more pronounced in the Slow condition than in the Fast condition. Greater P1 amplitude is typically associated with heightened selective attention or higher levels of vigilance (Key, Dove, & Maguire, 2005). Hence, it is possible that the lower Go accuracy observed in the Fast condition was due to the time pressure manipulation interfering with children’s ability to recruit or sustain attentional resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition in Early Childhood: Evidence From a Go/No-Go Task

Rahman

Carroll

Espy

et al. 2017

Developmental Neuropsychology

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We examined the neural correlates underlying response inhibition in early childhood. Five-year-old children completed a Go/No-go task with or without time pressure (Fast vs. Slow condition) while scalp EEG was recorded. On No-go trials where inhibition was required, the left frontal N2 and posterior P3 were enhanced relative to Go trials. Time pressure was detrimental to behavioral performance and modulated the early-occurring P1 component. The topography of ERPs related to response inhibition differed from patterns typically seen in adults, and may indicate a compensatory mechanism to make up for immature inhibition networks in children.

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“…Visual ERPs can be quantified in terms of the amplitude, latency and topography of their constituent components (Key et al, 2005). Critically, these components are affected not only by the visual stimulus features or experimental manipulation but also by the spatial location of stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinotopic mapping of visual event-related potentials

Capilla

Melcón

Kessel

et al. 2016

Biological Psychology

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Esta es la versión de autor del artículo publicado en: This is an author produced version of a paper published in:Biological Psychology 118 (2016) ABSTRACTVisual stimulation is frequently employed in electroencephalographic (EEG) research.However, despite its widespread use, no studies have thoroughly evaluated how the morphology of the visual event-related potentials (ERPs) varies according to the spatial location of stimuli. Hence, the purpose of this study was to perform a detailed retinotopic mapping of visual ERPs. We recorded EEG activity while participants were visually stimulated with 60 pattern-reversing checkerboards placed at different polar angles and eccentricities. Our results show five pattern-reversal ERP components. C1and C2 components inverted polarity between the upper and lower hemifields. P1 and N1 showed higher amplitudes and shorter latencies to stimuli located in the contralateral lower quadrant. In contrast, P2 amplitude was enhanced and its latency was reduced by stimuli presented in the periphery of the upper hemifield. The retinotopic maps presented here could serve as a guide for selecting optimal visuo-spatial locations in future ERP studies. HIGHLIGHTS Extensive and multichannel retinotopic mapping of major visual ERP components. C1 and C2 components showed inverted polarity for upper and lower hemifields. P1 and N1 components were larger when the contralateral lower field was stimulated. P2 showed higher amplitude and shorter latency for peripheral upper field stimuli. Present results can be used to select optimal stimulus locations in ERP designs.

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Linking Brainwaves to the Brain: An ERP Primer

Cited by 296 publications

References 246 publications

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition in Early Childhood: Evidence From a Go/No-Go Task

Retinotopic mapping of visual event-related potentials

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