Linking appraisal to behavioral flexibility in animals: implications for stress research

Faustino, Ana I.; Oliveira, Gonçalo A.; Oliveira, Rui Filipe

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00104

Cited by 34 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The hippocampus has previously been implicated in fear generalization, a role variously described as supporting pattern separation of perceptually similar cues to minimize stimulus-based fear generalization [55] or as biasing behavior during uncertain expectation by strengthening the representation of aversive potential outcomes [13,56]. The current findings support a hippocampal role in ambiguity-based fear generalization and suggest an important role for ongoing neurogenesis, in particular, possibly in predicting or weighting possible outcomes associated with different behavioral options [57,58] and/or in emotional biasing of decisions [13,16,56,59]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Ongoing neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus mediates behavioral responses to ambiguous threat cues

et al. 2017

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Fear learning is highly adaptive if utilized in appropriate situations but can lead to generalized anxiety if applied too widely. A role of predictive cues in inhibiting fear generalization has been suggested by stress and fear learning studies, but the effects of partially predictive cues (ambiguous cues) and the neuronal populations responsible for linking the predictive ability of cues and generalization of fear responses are unknown. Here, we show that inhibition of adult neurogenesis in the mouse dentate gyrus decreases hippocampal network activation and reduces defensive behavior to ambiguous threat cues but has neither of these effects if the same negative experience is reliably predicted. Additionally, we find that this ambiguity related to negative events determines their effect on fear generalization, that is, how the events affect future behavior under novel conditions. Both new neurons and glucocorticoid hormones are required for the enhancement of fear generalization following an unpredictably cued threat. Thus, adult neurogenesis plays a central role in the adaptive changes resulting from experience involving unpredictable or ambiguous threat cues, optimizing behavior in novel and uncertain situations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Ongoing neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus mediates behavioral responses to ambiguous threat cues

et al. 2017

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“…Such knowledge, become essential to understand individual variability and the adjustment of organisms to changing environments (Faustino et al . ). Moreover, research into affective states or cognition skills of animals have made significant progress over the recent years (Paul et al .…”

Section: Current Issues In Farmed Fish Welfarementioning

confidence: 97%

A Proteomics and other Omics approach in the context of farmed fish welfare and biomarker discovery

Magalhães

Cerqueira

Schrama

et al. 2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The rapid and intensive growth of aquaculture over the last decade, poses a tremendous challenge to this industry in order to comply with the latest guidelines, established to minimise its negative effects on the environment, animal welfare and public health. Farmed fish welfare has become one of the main priorities towards sustainable aquaculture production with several initiatives launched by the European Union within the framework of the 2030 agenda. It is clear that an unbiased and reliable way to access farmed fish welfare needs to be implemented due to the lack of reliable indicators and standardised methods that are used at present. In this review, we start by addressing the status quo of animal and fish welfare definition in particular, describing the methods and assays currently used to measure it. We then explain why we believe these methods are unreliable and why there is a need to establish new ones that will promote productivity and consumer's acceptance of farmed fish. The establishment of a new type of welfare biomarkers using cutting‐edge technologies like proteomics and other omics technologies is proposed as a solution to this issue. Therefore, we provide a brief description of these new methodologies, describing for each one how they can improve our scientific knowledge and the role they can play in farmed fish welfare biomarker discovery.

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“…In particular, it has been suggested that cognitive biases arising from the interference of affective states, as well as genetic and environmental factors, can affect the appraisal of ambiguous situations, which subsequently shapes resilience to stressful events [86]. One example is Harding and colleagues’ classic finding that rats exposed to unstable housing conditions made more pessimistic evaluations of ambiguous stimuli, in a way that is similar to how anxious or depressed people tend to make negative judgments about ambiguous stimuli [87].…”

Section: The Role Of Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What we have changed our minds about: Part 2. Borderline personality disorder, epistemic trust and the developmental significance of social communication

Fonagy

Luyten

Allison

et al. 2017

bord personal disord emot dysregul

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143

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In Part 1 of this paper, we discussed emerging evidence suggesting that a general psychopathology or ‘p’ factor underlying the various forms of psychopathology should be conceptualized in terms of the absence of resilience, that is, the absence of positive reappraisal mechanisms when faced with adversity. These impairments in the capacity for positive reappraisal seem to provide a comprehensive explanation for the association between the p factor and comorbidity, future caseness, and the ‘hard-to-reach’ character of many patients with severe personality pathology, most notably borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this, the second part of the paper, we trace the development of the absence of resilience to disruptions in the emergence of human social communication, based on recent evolutionary and developmental psychopathology accounts. We argue that BPD and related disorders may be reconceptualized as a form of social understanding in which epistemic hypervigilance, distrust or outright epistemic freezing is an adaptive consequence of the social learning environment. Negative appraisal mechanisms become overriding, particularly in situations of attachment stress. This constitutes a shift towards a more socially oriented perspective on personality psychopathology in which the absence of psychological resilience is seen as a learned response to the transmission of social knowledge. This shift in our views has also forced us to reconsider the role of attachment in BPD. The implications for prevention and intervention of this novel approach are discussed.

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Linking appraisal to behavioral flexibility in animals: implications for stress research

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Ongoing neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus mediates behavioral responses to ambiguous threat cues

Ongoing neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus mediates behavioral responses to ambiguous threat cues

A Proteomics and other Omics approach in the context of farmed fish welfare and biomarker discovery

What we have changed our minds about: Part 2. Borderline personality disorder, epistemic trust and the developmental significance of social communication

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