Linkages between malaria and malnutrition in co-endemic regions of India

Yadav, Chander Prakash; Hussain, Syed Shah Areeb; Pasi, Shweta; Sharma, Shweta; Bharti, Praveen K.; Rahi, Manju; Sharma, Amit

doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010781

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…2 Given that under-nutrition and malaria disease coexist in malaria endemic areas, our findings beg for a further investigation using a more robust study design with sufficient sample size. 44 Our findings imply that at present, most of the under-nutrition cases in the County are not related to malaria disease. The low malaria coverage reported in our study is inconsistent with the facility based records.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Association between the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and under-nutrition in children aged 10 to 59 months in Siaya County, Kenya

Ochieng,

Awandu,

Kariuki

et al. 2024

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Under-nutrition is a global problem associated with infectious diseases including malaria. In this study, we explored the association between the newly introduced malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01 and measles vaccine with under-nutrition in children. Methods: We conducted a case-control study using anthropometric data for children aged between 10 and 59 months in Siaya County, Kenya collected from September to December 2021. Malaria and measles vaccines were the exposure variables, and under-nutrition, which is a composite variable including stunting and/or underweight was the outcome. Chi-square was used to test association between under-nutrition and the two vaccines. Further, a binary logistic regression was used to assess association between the vaccines, and independent variables with a confidence interval set at 95%. Results: From a total of 1,701 children, 185 (16.8%) were undernourished. Among the undernourished children, 121 (11.0%) were stunted and 64 (5.81%) were underweight. The undernourished children were matched with children of normal nutritional status at a ratio of 1:1 giving a total of 370. Malaria vaccine coverage was low at 21.1% (39/370) and 17.3% (32/370) among undernourished and children with normal nutritional status respectively. Similarly, the measles vaccine coverage was 30.8% (57/370) and 36.2% (67/370) among cases and controls respectively. Neither exposure to malaria nor measles vaccines showed a statistically significant difference between the cases and controls. Conclusions: We found no statistically significant association between malaria vaccine and under-nutrition in children. While malaria vaccine is important in protecting children from the malaria disease effects, it is not a proxy intervention for under-nutrition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Association between the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and under-nutrition in children aged 10 to 59 months in Siaya County, Kenya

Ochieng,

Awandu,

Kariuki

et al. 2024

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…Anemia has not been found associated with the frequency of malaria episodes, but it has been demonstrated to be signi cantly associated with malnutrition [12]. In contrast, other studies have shown that malnutrition and anemia are associated with a higher risk of Plasmodium infection and infectious episodes [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prognostics of multiple malaria episodes and nutritional status in children aged 6 to 59 months from 2013 to 2017 in Dangassa, Mali

Keita,

Thiero,

Toure

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background In Africa, the relationship between nutritional status and malaria remains complex and difficult to interpret in children. Understanding it is important in the development of malaria control strategies. This study evaluated the effect of nutritional status on the occurrence of multiple malaria episodes in children aged 6 to 59 months between 2013 and 2017 living in the village of Dangassa, Mali. Methods A community-based longitudinal study was conducted using cross-sectional surveys (SSCs) at the beginning (June) and end (November) of the malaria transmission season associated with passive case detection (PCD) at the Dangassa Community Health Center. Children with asymptomatic malaria infection during cross-sectional surveys were selected and their malaria episodes followed by PCD. Palustrine indicators in person-months were estimated using an ordinal-logistic model repeated on subjects during follow-up periods. Results The incidence rate (IR) during the period of high transmission (June to October), for 1 episode and for 2 + episodes peaked in 2013 with 65 children (IR = 95.73 per 1000 person-months) and 24 cases (IR = 35.35 per 1000 person-months), respectively. As expected, the risk of multiple episodes occurring during the period of high transmission was 3.23 compared to the period of low transmission after adjusting for other model parameters (95% CI = [2.45–4.26], p = 0.000). Children with anemia were at high risk of having multiple episodes (OR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.12–2.30], p = 0.011). However, the risk of having 2 + episodes for anemic children was higher during the period of low transmission (RR = 1.67, 95% CI [1.15–2.42], p = 0.007) compared to the period of high transmission (RR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.09–2.29], p = 0.016). The trend indicated that anemic and underweight children were significantly associated with multiple malaria episodes during the period of low transmission (p < = 0.001). Conclusion Our results indicate that multiple episodes of malaria are significantly related to the nutritional status (anemia and underweight) of the child during the two transmission seasons and more pronounced during the dry season (period of low transmission). Further research including other malnutrition parameters will be needed to confirm our findings.

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“…This complex association persists in an interwoven vicious cycle that coexists in sub-Saharan Africa [ 14 ]. The interaction association between undernutrition and reducing asymptomatic malaria endemicity remains inconclusive with inconsistent findings [ 15 – 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary intervention on the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among 6–18-month-old children in rural Malawi

Sady,

Chaima,

Hallamaa

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background The complex interaction between malaria and undernutrition leads to increased mortality and morbidity rate among young children in malaria-endemic regions. Results from previous interventions suggest that improving nutritional status of young children may reduce the burden of malaria. This study tested a hypothesis that provision of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) or corn-soy blend (CSB) supplementation to 6–18-month-old children in Malawi would reduce the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among them. Methods A total of 840 6-month-old children were enrolled in a randomized trial. The participants received 12-month supplementation with three different daily dietary supplementations: CSB, soy-LNS, or milk-LNS, and one control group without supplementation. The prevalence rate of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum was determined by real-time PCR from the participant’s dried blood spots (DBS) collected at the baseline and every 3 months. The global null hypothesis was tested using modified Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) between the control group and three intervention groups at all ages combined. All the models were adjusted for malaria at baseline, season of DBS sample collection, site of enrolment, and household asset Z-score. Results All children combined, the prevalence of P. falciparum was 14.1% at enrollment, 8.7% at 9 months, 11.2% at 12 months, 13.0% at 15 months and 22.4% at 18 months of age. Among all samples that were taken after enrolment, the prevalence was 12.1% in control group, 12.2% in milk-LNS, 14.0% in soy-LNS, and 17.2% in CSB group. Compared to children in the control group the prevalence ratio of positive malaria tests was 1.19 (95% CI 0.81–1.74; P = 0.372) in the milk-LNS group, 1.32 (95% CI 0.88–1.96; P = 0.177) in the soy-LNS group and 1.72 (95% CI 1.19–2.49; P = 0.004) in the CSB group. Conclusion The study findings do not support a hypothesis that LNS or CSB supplementation would reduce the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among Malawian children. In contrast, there was a signal of a possible increase in malaria prevalence among children supplemented with CSB.

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Linkages between malaria and malnutrition in co-endemic regions of India

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Association between the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and under-nutrition in children aged 10 to 59 months in Siaya County, Kenya

Association between the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and under-nutrition in children aged 10 to 59 months in Siaya County, Kenya

Prognostics of multiple malaria episodes and nutritional status in children aged 6 to 59 months from 2013 to 2017 in Dangassa, Mali

Effect of dietary intervention on the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among 6–18-month-old children in rural Malawi

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