Linkages between aggregate formation, porosity and soil chemical properties

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the tensile strength, friability, aggregation, and the physical fractions of soil organic matter of a Rhodic Hapludox cultivated with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). The treatments consisted of one, three, and five years of cultivation of sugarcane, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As a reference, a native forest adjacent to the cultivation area, with soil and relief characteristics similar to those of the cultivation areas, was used. Deformed samples were collected at 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20-m soil depths, for the determination of the soil physical attributes and for the physical fractionation of particle-size and density of the organic matter. The physical attribute evaluations were able to detect changes in the structural quality of the Oxisol, which resulted from the sugarcane cultivation. In comparison with the native forest, the stability and tensile strength of the aggregates decreased with the time of sugarcane cultivation. Tensile strength increased with soil depth, proportionally to the reduction of total soil organic carbon content. Soil preparation and straw burning reduce the input of fresh organic matter into the soil and accelerate the decomposition of the labile organic matter compartment, with negative consequences to soil physical properties over time.Index terms: Saccharum officinarum, organic carbon, organic matter fractionation, soil physical quality. Resistência tênsil, friabilidade, agregação e frações físicas da matéria orgânica de um Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com cana-de-açúcarResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência tênsil, a friabilidade, a agregação e as frações físicas da matéria orgânica de um Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum). Os tratamentos consistiram de um, três e cinco anos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Como referência, utilizou-se uma mata nativa, adjacente à área de cultivo, com características de solo e relevo similares às das áreas de cultivo. Foram coletadas amostras deformadas à profundidade de 0,00-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m, para determinação dos atributos físicos do solo e para o fracionamento físico densimétrico e granulométrico da matéria orgânica. As avaliações dos atributos físicos foram capazes de detectar alterações da qualidade estrutural do Latossolo resultantes do cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. Em comparação à mata nativa, a estabilidade e a resistência tênsil dos agregados diminuíram com o tempo de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. A resistência tênsil aumentou com a profundidade no solo, proporcionalmente à redução dos teores de carbono orgânico total. O preparo do solo e a queima da palhada reduzem o aporte de matéria orgânica fresca ao solo e aceleram a decomposição do compartimento lábil da matéria orgânica, com consequências negativas às propriedades físicas do solo ao longo do tempo.Termos para indexação: Saccharum officinarum, carbono orgânico, fracionamento da matéria orgânica, qualidade físi...

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“…According to Regelink et al (2015), soil aggregation is related to the organic carbon content in the agricultural soils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile strength, friability, aggregation, and soil organic matter physical fractions of an Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane

Kunde

Lima

Silva

et al. 2018

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…이러한 원인으 로 낮은 값의 공극률을 주목할 수 있었으나 (Tables 1 and 7; Ahn et al, 1992;Park et al, 1992), 공극률이 벼 생산성 과 뚜렷한 비례관계를 보이지 않은 것으로 볼 때 공극의 크기별 영향에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각되었다 (Pagliai and De Nobili, 1993). Ryu et al (1971) Cameron et al, 2013;Dias et al, 2015;Im, 1978;Kang et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2008;Nishida, 2016;Regelink et al, 2015;USDA, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Yield Potentials of Rice and Soybean As Affected by Cropping Systems in Mid-mountainous Paddy Soils of Korea

Kang¹,

Choi²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Korean J. Soil. Sci. Fert.

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To get some informations for sustainable paddy use, the productivities of soils with two years of cropping systems were estimated through pot experiment using two pretreated groups of not autoclaved 'natural'-and 'autoclaved'-soils without any fertilization. And then the relationship between the productivities, called yield potentials, and the characteristics of soils as affected by cropping systems, such as rice-rice (R-R), ricebarley-rice-barley (R-B-R-B), rice-barley-rice-wheat (R-B-R-W), soybean-barley-soybean-barley (S-B-S-B), of which barley and wheat were composted at a level of 10 MT ha, and S-B-S-B without compost, was analyzed. These treatments were established in mid-mountainous loam paddy, which contained exchangeable Ca of 11.8 cmol c kg -1 , located at the altitude of 285 m above sea level in Sangju of Korea. Crops for the estimation of soil productivity were rice cv. 'Seolemi' and soybean cv. 'Chamol'. As a result, under the natural soils condition, rice grain and straw were highly produced in composted S-B-S-B soils (p < 0.05) and lowly in R-R soils (p < 0.05). While soybean grain and stem were higher in R-R soils (p < 0.05) than other soils which not significantly different each other. In case of autoclaved soils, the yield potentials of rice and soybean were high together in either composted R-B-R-B/W or S-B-S-B soils compared to R-R and uncomposted S-B-S-B soils (p < 0.05). In especial, these yield potentials under the natural soils condition were commonly influenced by soil porosity showing negative correlation for rice (p < 0.01); positive for soybean (p < 0.05). And the porosity possibly reversed even the symbiotic contribution of indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum for soybean. Under autoclaved soils condition the potentials of rice and soybean showed negative correlations with soil C:N ratio (p < 0.05) similarly to the case of rice in the natural soils.

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“…In addition to tillage activities, harvesting of crops also causes strong soil disturbances and subsoil compaction due to heavy machinery (Pulleman et al, 2003). The formation and stabilization of soil aggregates are influenced by drying and wetting cycles as well as physical, chemical, and biological soil properties (Six et al, 2000;Six et al, 2004;Regelink et al, 2015). According to the hierarchical aggregate model, which was first described by Tisdall and Oades (1982), macroaggregates (>250 µm) are made of microaggregates (<250 µm), sand particles and particulate organic matter (POM) that are bound together by transient or temporary binding agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil aggregation and soil organic matter in conventionally and organically farmed Austrian Chernozems / Bodenaggregation und organische Substanz in konventionell und biologisch bewirtschafteten österreichischen Tschernosemböden

Sandén

Lair

Leeuwen

et al. 2017

Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

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SummaryIn order to study the soil aggregate distributions and soil organic matter (SOM), we sampled top-and subsoils in four intensively farmed croplands (two organic (Org-OB and Org-LA), and two conventional (Con-OB and Con-LA)) on Haplic Chernozems located in Marchfeld in the east of Vienna (Austria). Soil structure and SOM quantity, quality and distribution between free and occluded particulate organic matter and aggregate size fractions (<20 µm, 20-250 µm, 250-5000 µm) were studied by following a density fractionation procedure with low-energy ultrasound treatment. The relation of the soil physicochemical (e.g., particle size distribution, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen) and biological properties (e.g., fungal biomass, active fungi) with stable soil aggregate size fractions and SOM was studied. The mean weight diameter (MWD) showed no significant difference between all studied sites and was between 3.8 mm and 10.0 mm in topsoils and between 6.7 mm and 11.9 mm in subsoils. In topsoils, the contents of calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL)-extractable P, active fungal biomass, dithionite-extractable Fe and sand were significantly positively correlated with the amount of the macroaggregates and with the MWD. We observed that most soil organic carbon, depending on soil texture, was stored in the microaggregate size classes <20 µm and 20-250 µm.Keywords: organic matter dynamics, aggregate stability, solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy, particulate organic matter (POM), aggregate hierarchy ZusammenfassungUm die Verteilung der Bodenaggregate und der organischen Substanz des Bodens näher zu erforschen, wurden Ober-und Unterböden von vier intensiv landwirtschaftlich genutzten Ackerflächen (zwei biologisch-organischen (Org-OB and Org-LA) und zwei konventionell bewirtschafteten (Con-OB and Con-LA)) beprobt. Bei den Böden handelte es sich um Tschernoseme, die sich im Marchfeld, östlich von Wien (Österreich), befinden. Die Bodenstruktur sowie die Menge, die Qualität und die Aufteilung der organischen Substanz zwischen freier und okkludierter organischer Substanz (fPOM and oPOM) und die Größe der Aggregate (<20 µm, 20-250 µm, 250-5000 µm) wurden mittels Dichtefraktionierung mit niedriger Ultraschallenergie untersucht. Das Verhältnis der physikochemischen (z.B. Korngrößenverteilung, pH, organischer Kohlenstoff, Gesamt-Stickstoffgehalt) und der biologischen Eigenschaften (Pilz-Biomasse, aktive Pilze) in den Aggregaten wurde mit stabiler Bodenaggregatgrößen Fraktionierung untersucht. Der mittlere gewichtete Durchmesser (MDW) lag zwischen 3,8 mm und 10,0 mm in den Oberböden und zwischen 6,7 mm und 11,9 mm in den Unterböden und zeigte keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Standorten. Im Oberboden waren der CAL-lösliche Phosphorgehalt, die aktive Pilzbiomasse, dithionitlösliches Eisen und Sand signifikant positiv korreliert mit der Anzahl der Makroaggregate und mit dem MDW. Der meiste organische Kohlenstoff war, abhängig von der Bodenart, in den Mikroaggregaten der Größenklassen <20 µm und 20-250 µm gespeichert.Schlagworte: Dy...

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Linkages between aggregate formation, porosity and soil chemical properties

Cited by 245 publications

References 78 publications

Tensile strength, friability, aggregation, and soil organic matter physical fractions of an Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane

Tensile strength, friability, aggregation, and soil organic matter physical fractions of an Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane

Yield Potentials of Rice and Soybean As Affected by Cropping Systems in Mid-mountainous Paddy Soils of Korea

Soil aggregation and soil organic matter in conventionally and organically farmed Austrian Chernozems / Bodenaggregation und organische Substanz in konventionell und biologisch bewirtschafteten österreichischen Tschernosemböden

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