Link of Zygotic Genome Activation and Cell Cycle Control

Liu, Boyang; Großhans, Jörg

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6988-3_2

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…The 13 rounds of nuclear cycle proceed with fast S phases but lack gap phases and cytokinesis. After mitosis 13, the cell cycle changes to a mode with cytokinesis, a slow S phase, and a G2 phase [5,6]. This change from fast nuclear cycles to slow embryonic cell cycle is linked to the onset of zygotic gene transcription, the degradation of maternal RNAs, consumption of maternal metabolites, and morphological changes [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence fluctuation analysis reveals PpV dependent Cdc25 protein dynamics in living embryos

et al. 2020

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The protein phosphatase Cdc25 is a key regulator of the cell cycle by activating Cdk-cyclin complexes. Cdc25 is regulated by its expression levels and post-translational mechanisms. In early Drosophila embryogenesis, Cdc25/Twine drives the fast and synchronous nuclear cycles. A pause in the cell cycle and the remodeling to a more generic cell cycle mode with a gap phase are determined by Twine inactivation and destruction in early interphase 14, in response to zygotic genome activation. Although the pseudokinase Tribbles contributes to the timely degradation of Twine, Twine levels are controlled by additional yet unknown posttranslational mechanisms. Here, we apply a non-invasive method based on fluorescence fluctuation analysis (FFA) to record the absolute concentration profiles of Twine with minute-scale resolution in single living embryos. Employing this assay, we found that Protein phosphatase V (PpV), the homologue of the catalytic subunit of human PP6, ensures appropriately low Twine protein levels at the onset of interphase 14. PpV controls directly or indirectly the phosphorylation of Twine at multiple serine and threonine residues as revealed by phosphosite mapping. Mutational analysis confirmed that these sites are involved in control of Twine protein dynamics, and cell cycle remodeling is delayed in a fraction of the phosphosite mutant embryos. Our data reveal a novel mechanism for control of Twine protein levels and their significance for embryonic cell cycle remodeling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence fluctuation analysis reveals PpV dependent Cdc25 protein dynamics in living embryos

et al. 2020

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“…Cellularization during interphase 14 is a special stage in fly embryonic development. It mediates the transition from syncytial to cellular development and from a maternal to zygotic control of gene expression (reviewed in Blythe and Wieschaus, 2015;Liu and Grosshans, 2017). This stage is generally referred to as the midblastula transition (reviewed in Farrell and O'Farrell, 2014;Yuan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Cortical Organization During Cellularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A characteristic feature of the mid-blastula transition is the switch from syncytial to cellular development. Associated with remodeling of the cell cycle from fast nuclear divisions to an embryonic cycle (Liu and Grosshans, 2017), the cytoskeletal, membrane and cortical organization fundamentally changes and cellularization starts (Foe et al, 1993;Schejter et al, 1992). The most obvious morphological feature is the ingression of furrows.…”

Section: Box 1 Cellularization At a Glancementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of cortical domains in earlyDrosophiladevelopment

Schmidt

Großhans

2018

Journal of Cell Science

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Underlying the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is an actin cortex that includes actin filaments and associated proteins. A special feature of all polarized and epithelial cells are cortical domains, each of which is characterized by specific sets of proteins. Typically, an epithelial cell contains apical, subapical, lateral and basal domains. The domain-specific protein sets contain evolutionarily conserved proteins, as well as cell-type-specific factors. Among the conserved proteins are, the Par proteins, Crumbs complex and the lateral proteins Scribbled and Discs large 1. Organization of the plasma membrane into cortical domains is dynamic and depends on cell type, differentiation and developmental stage. The dynamics of cortical organization is strikingly visible in early embryos, which increase the number of distinct cortical domains from one, during the pre-blastoderm stage, to two in syncytial blastoderm embryos, before finally acquiring the four domains that are typical for epithelial cells during cellularization. In this Review, we will describe the dynamics of cortical organization in early embryos and discuss the processes and mechanisms underlying cortical remodeling.

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“…A change in the mode of the cell cycle from a fast nuclear cycles with no gap phases and no cytokinesis to a generic mode with a long gap phase and slow replication is a characteristic feature of the mid-blastula transition (MBT) in early embryogenesis (Farrell 2014, Blythe2015a, Liu2017). This remodeling of the cell cycle is linked to changes in a number of cellular processes, including DNA replication checkpoint, epigenetic markers, onset of zygotic gene expression, degradation of maternal RNAs and morphological changes (Blythe 2015a, Harrison2015, Laver 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein phosphatase V ensures timely cell cycle remodeling during the mid-blastula transition in Drosophila

Liu

Sung

Gregor

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Cell cycle remodeling from fast nuclear cycles to a generic cell cycle mode is a major feature of the mid-blastula transition (MBT) in Drosophila. Remodeling occurs when Twine/Cdc25 falls below a critical threshold. Timing is based on Twine destabilization induced by zygotic transcription. It is conceivable that appropriate starting levels are also important for timely reaching the threshold. Mechanisms for controlling Twine levels at the onset of MBT are unknown. Here we identify a function of the protein phosphatase V in this mechanism. Twine was increased in PpV mutants, whereas the decay rate was comparable to wildtype. PpV mutants frequently underwent an extra nuclear division. We detected PpV-dependent phosphosites in Twine. Phosphosite mutants contain higher Twine levels and frequently underwent an extra nuclear division, comparable to PpV mutants. Our data support a model that the cell cycle remodeling is controlled by induced destabilization and PpV-d ependent control of Twine levels.

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Link of Zygotic Genome Activation and Cell Cycle Control

Cited by 16 publications

References 128 publications

Fluorescence fluctuation analysis reveals PpV dependent Cdc25 protein dynamics in living embryos

Fluorescence fluctuation analysis reveals PpV dependent Cdc25 protein dynamics in living embryos

Dynamics of cortical domains in earlyDrosophiladevelopment

Protein phosphatase V ensures timely cell cycle remodeling during the mid-blastula transition in Drosophila

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