Link loss analysis for a satellite quantum communication down-link

Zhang, Chun-Mei; Tello, Alfonso; Zanforlin, Ugo; Buller, Gerald S.; Donaldson, Ross J.

doi:10.1117/12.2573489

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The expression for geometric loss is depicted in Equation (13) [24]:

u=20\ast \mathrm{log}\left(\frac{{D}_{r}\ast {D}_{t}}{{D}_{t}^{2}+2.44\ast m\ast x\ast \lambda }\right)

where…”

Section: Practical Implementation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20] This beam spread accounts for huge losses since the detector's diameter on the receiver end would be small as compared to the large spread, which leads to loss in acquiring data. [23] A proper analysis is done in the later chapters, which gives us the parameters for acquiring low geometric loss [21] The expression for geometric loss is depicted in Equation (13) [24]:…”

Section: Geometric Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compare the sustainability of BB84 and Decoy BB84 with the channel loss, we will make use of Equations ( 10), (12) and (24), which are the key rate equations for BB84 with an ideal photon source, BB84 with a non-ideal photon source and Decoy BB84. As visible in Figure 24, the practical BB84 can sustain losses till 35 dB, whereas the practical Decoy BB84 sustain losses till 45 dB.…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Between Bb84 and Decoy Bb84mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing satellite‐to‐ground communication using quantum key distribution

Kasliwal

Jayanthi²,

Jain

et al. 2023

IET Quantum Communication

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Classical Cryptography has been in use for a long time. It has been the only way of securing people's communication. However, there are some flaws observed during the execution of classical cryptography. One of them being the staunch belief that the number composed of multiplication of two large prime numbers cannot be factorised easily, which is under a threat thanks to the computational power of the quantum computers. The next flaw is the non‐detection of the hacker, both of which can be eliminated by using quantum mechanical principles for encryption purposes, which is known as quantum cryptography. Quantum Key Distribution, which provides an information‐theoretically safe solution to the key exchange problem, is the most well‐known example of quantum cryptography. The benefit of quantum cryptography is that it makes it possible to perform a variety of cryptographic operations that have been demonstrated or are hypothesised to be impractical when using solely traditional (i.e., non‐quantum) communication. Free‐space quantum communication has been successfully demonstrated across 300 m by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in March 2021. With this, ISRO is trying to achieve the same using a satellite‐based communication mechanism, which would revolutionise the mode of modern communication. It is justified that the key generation rate depends on factors like the aperture diameter of the sender and receiver, distance between them, the quantum bit error rate, and many more. The results vary with the parameters in the discussion as explained in the upcoming sections. The avenue of different types of losses that occur while transmitting at large distances, such as Atmospheric Loss, Pointing Loss and Geometric Loss, is explored.

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“…The expression for geometric loss is depicted in Equation (13) [24]:

u=20\ast \mathrm{log}\left(\frac{{D}_{r}\ast {D}_{t}}{{D}_{t}^{2}+2.44\ast m\ast x\ast \lambda }\right)

where…”

Section: Practical Implementation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geometric Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Analysis Between Bb84 and Decoy Bb84mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing satellite‐to‐ground communication using quantum key distribution

Kasliwal

Jayanthi²,

Jain

et al. 2023

IET Quantum Communication

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“…In the uplink topology the receiving telescope is subject to the restrictive size, weight and power (SWaP) requirements of satellites and so will generally be smaller than a ground-based receiving telescope. This results in a larger FOV (at best as described by the diffraction limit 9 ). The long range from the satellite to a jamming terminal on the earth's surface then results in a large area inside which a jammer could be successful.…”

Section: Line-of-sight Jammingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of jamming in free-space quantum key distribution

Simmons¹,

Noblet²,

Castillo³

et al. 2023

Quantum Technology: Driving Commercialisation of an Enabling Science III

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a quantum communications protocol which provides the growth of encryption keys under guaranteed security. Due to the single-photon nature of many QKD protocols, QKD systems can be optically jammed by overwhelming a receiver with many photons at wavelengths at which the single photon detectors are responsive, causing a prohibitively high quantum bit error rate (QBER). In satellite QKD (SatQKD), which relies on communication during brief satellite visual contact, short jamming periods could prevent access to secure communications for much longer periods of time. Optical jamming (OJ) can be achieved both from within line-of-sight by targeting the receiver with a light source, or, in the case of downlink SatQKD, from without line-of-sight by reflecting OJ light off the transmitting satellite.1 The latter attack can be effective 1000km from the ground station, which presents challenges to the deployment of SatQKD in mission-critical applications. In this work, we present two investigations for OJ attacks on SatQKD. Firstly, we present an experimental demonstration utilizing SPAD array technology to locate and mitigate within line-of-sight OJ at long range. Secondly, we present simulations quantifying the effectiveness of without line-of-sight OJ against SatQKD systems and outline mitigation techniques inspired by RF communications. Implementation of the mitigation techniques will be essential for defence applications.

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“…QKD also generates keys at a slower rate than classical cryptography methods due to time-consuming quantum operations. [27][28][29][30][31][32] Recent developments in QKD research have explored the use of VQEs for MP-QKD protocols. One such protocol is the Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS), proposed by Gill et al in 2022.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Party Quantum Key Distribution Using Variational Quantum Eigensolvers

Sihare

2023

Adv Quantum Tech

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The research paper introduces a novel approach to multi‐party quantum key distribution using variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs). The protocol aims to establish secure communication among multiple parties in a quantum network. The paper outlines a comprehensive framework incorporating quantum state preparation, VQE‐based key generation, error correction, and privacy amplification circuits. Mathematical formulations guide the design of quantum gates, variational parameters, and error correction codes. The protocol utilizes quantum entanglement, VQE optimization, and classical operations for error correction and secure key extraction. The paper's experimental focus involves implementing the proposed protocol on a quantum computer, analyzing security metrics such as mutual information and min‐entropy, and simulating circuit outcomes.

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Link loss analysis for a satellite quantum communication down-link

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Enhancing satellite‐to‐ground communication using quantum key distribution

Enhancing satellite‐to‐ground communication using quantum key distribution

An investigation of jamming in free-space quantum key distribution

Multi‐Party Quantum Key Distribution Using Variational Quantum Eigensolvers

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