In power Internet of Things, to enable the underlying nodes to communicate with an IPv6 network, a 6LoWPAN adaptation layer must be supported through a gateway to seamlessly connect them to implement IPv6 and IEEE802.15.4 protocols. The 6LoWPAN adaptation layer can improve the transmission efficiency of data packets by compressing IPv6 data headers. According to the characteristics of energy metering systems in smart grids, UDP is used as a default transmission layer protocol. Based on existing header compression schemes LoWPAN_HC1 and LoWAPN_IPHC, an adaptive hybrid header compression scheme LoWPAN_HC_Energy was proposed for energy metering systems. The experimental results illustrated that the scheme performs satisfactorily in both local and global links, and its compression efficiency is approximately 2% higher than that of existing compression schemes .