Link budget and background noise for satellite quantum key distribution

Tomaello, Andrea; Bonato, Cristian; Deppo, Vania Da; Naletto, G.; Villoresi, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.11.009

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To overcome these limitations, in the last decade the feasibility of a quantum channel from an orbiting terminal has been explored both theoretically [14][15][16][17][18][19] and experimentally by exploiting the Ajisai [20] and Champ [21] satellites. Notably, recent transmission of qubits beyond Earth atmosphere [22] proved the feasibility of QC from several low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, within 1500 km of altitude with respect to Earth surface and with typical passage duration of a few minutes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental single-photon exchange along a space link of 7000 km

et al. 2016

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Extending the single photon transmission distance is a basic requirement for the implementation of quantum communication on a global scale. In this work we report the single photon exchange from a medium Earth orbit satellite (MEO) at more than 7000 km of slant distance to the ground station at the Matera Laser Ranging Observatory. The single photon transmitter was realized by exploiting the corner cube retro-reflectors mounted on the LAGEOS-2 satellite. Long duration of data collection is possible with such altitude, up to 43 minutes in a single passage. The mean number of photons per pulse (µsat) has been limited to 1 for 200 seconds, resulting in an average detection rate of 3.0 counts/s and a signal to noise ratio of 1.5. The feasibility of single photon exchange from MEO satellites paves the way to tests of Quantum Mechanics in moving frames and to global Quantum Information.Introduction -Quantum Communications (QC) are necessary for tests on the foundation of Quantum Physics, such as Bell's inequalities violation [1][2][3], entanglement swapping [4,5] and distribution [6], and quantum teleportation [7]. Moreover, the transmission of light quanta over long distances is crucial for the realization of several Quantum Information protocols, as quantum key distribution (QKD) [8][9][10], quantum authentication [11] and quantum digital signature [12].

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confidence: 99%

Experimental single-photon exchange along a space link of 7000 km

et al. 2016

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“…Coupled to this is the growing belief that space-borne quantum transceivers will soon make full blown global quan tum communications an engineering reality [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. While it remains to be seen whether FSO quantum communications will be dominated by discrete single-photon (qubit) technology, multiphoton continuous variable (CV) technology, or even some hybrid of both technologies [13], it is important to fully understand the capabilities of both types of technologies in the free-space channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Note that, although largely motivated by the use of FSO in the scenario of satellite quantum communications to and from terrestrial ground stations [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], our results are applicable to a range of FSO links such as high-altitude platform (HAP) to satellite quantum links [21] and aircraft-to-ground quantum links [22], The range of atmospheric channels we study will cover all of these different quantum communication scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaussian entanglement distribution via satellite

Hosseinidehaj

Malaney

2015

Phys. Rev. A

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In this work we analyze three quantum communication schemes for the generation of Gaussian entanglement between two ground stations. Communication occurs via a satellite over two independent atmospheric fading channels dominated by turbulence-induced beam wander. In our first scheme, the engineering complexity remains largely on the ground transceivers, with the satellite acting simply as a reflector. Although the channel state information of the two atmospheric channels remains unknown in this scheme, the Gaussian entanglement generation between the ground stations can still be determined. On the ground, distillation and Gaussification procedures can be applied, leading to a refined Gaussian entanglement generation rate between the ground stations. We compare the rates produced by this first scheme with two competing schemes in which quantum complexity is added to the satellite, thereby illustrating the tradeoff between space-based engineering complexity and the rate of ground-station entanglement generation.

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“…Indeed, QKD [1-6], quantum teleportation [10], and entanglement swapping [13]-as well as the measurement of Bell inequalities in a relativistic scenario [14] and fundamental tests of quantum physics [15]-require quantum communication (QC) over long distances and, in particular, along satellite links. Moreover, these protocols can be further developed exploiting higherdimensional Hilbert spaces [5,6].The envisaging and modeling of space QC started a dozen years ago [16][17][18][19][20], but sources of quantum states or quantum state measurement systems suitable for QC have not been placed in orbit yet. Therefore, since 2008, experimental studies of space-to-ground links have simulated a source of coherent pulses attenuated to the single photon level by exploiting laser ranging satellites equipped with…”

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Experimental Satellite Quantum Communications

et al. 2015

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Quantum communication (QC), namely, the faithful transmission of generic quantum states, is a key ingredient of quantum information science. Here we demonstrate QC with polarization encoding from space to ground by exploiting satellite corner cube retroreflectors as quantum transmitters in orbit and the Matera Laser Ranging Observatory of the Italian Space Agency in Matera, Italy, as a quantum receiver. The quantum bit error ratio (QBER) has been kept steadily low to a level suitable for several quantum information protocols, as the violation of Bell inequalities or quantum key distribution (QKD). Indeed, by taking data from different satellites, we demonstrate an average value of QBER=4.6% for a total link duration of 85 s. The mean photon number per pulse μ_{sat} leaving the satellites was estimated to be of the order of one. In addition, we propose a fully operational satellite QKD system by exploiting our communication scheme with orbiting retroreflectors equipped with a modulator, a very compact payload. Our scheme paves the way toward the implementation of a QC worldwide network leveraging existing receivers.

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Link budget and background noise for satellite quantum key distribution

Cited by 53 publications

References 13 publications

Experimental single-photon exchange along a space link of 7000 km

Experimental single-photon exchange along a space link of 7000 km

Gaussian entanglement distribution via satellite

Experimental Satellite Quantum Communications

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