Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder

Rüfenacht, Eva; Pham, Eléonore; Nicastro, Rosetta; Dieben, Karen; Hasler, Roland; Weibel, Sébastien; Perroud, Nader

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9101469

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 106 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to the contribution of ED to the functional impairment associated with adult ADHD, our results suggest a weak, albeit signi cant contribution of childhood maltreatment to ED and sleep problems. This is consistent with a number of studies suggesting that environmental factors and especially childhood maltreatment are involved in the development and the severity of ED in ADHD (54), similar to other disorders, such as BPD and BD (54,99,100).…”

Section: Multiple Linear Regression Analysessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Indeed, compared to healthy peers, adults with ADHD report increased childhood traumatic events (51), and maltreated children often present with ADHD (52,53). Of note, a recent study led by Rüfenacht et al (54) found that self-reported emotional neglect and abuse during childhood contributed to emotional reactivity and poor emotion regulation strategies independently of the clinical presentation of adult ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Identifying different patterns of emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD

Martz

Weiner

Weibel

2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a core intrinsic feature of adult presenting Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the clinical expressions of ED are diverse and several questionnaires have been used to measure ED in adults with ADHD. Thus, to date, the characteristics of ED in adult ADHD remain poorly defined. The objective of this study is to identify the different patterns of ED in adults with ADHD. Methods: A large sample of 460 newly diagnosed adults with ADHD were recruited. Patients completed a total of 20 self-reported questionnaires. Measures consisted in the several facets of ED, but also other clinical features of adult ADHD such as racing thoughts. A factor analysis with the principal component extraction method was performed to define the symptomatic clusters. A mono-dimensional clustering was then conducted to assess whether participants presented or not with each symptomatic cluster. Results: The factor analysis yielded a 5 factor-solution, including “emotional instability”, “impulsivity”, “overactivation”, “inattention/disorganization”, “sleep problems”. ED was part of two out five clusters and concerned 67.52% of our sample. Among those patients, the combined ADHD presentation was the most prevalent. Emotional instability and impulsivity were significantly predicted by childhood maltreatment. The ED and the “sleep problems” factors contributed significantly to the patients’ functional impairment. Conclusions: ED in ADHD is characterized along emotional instability and emotional impulsivity and significantly contribute to the functional impairment. However, beyond impairing symptoms, adult ADHD may also be characterized by functional strengths such as creativity.

show abstract

Section: Multiple Linear Regression Analysessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying different patterns of emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD

Martz

Weiner

Weibel

2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, in BD patients, inflammatory biomarkers have been identified in ER-associated brain regions, such as the hippocampus (69). Recent cross-sectional evidence from ADHD and BPD has also revealed that a history of childhood maltreatment, which has been associated with increased peripheral inflammation in humans (70)(71)(72)(73), is linked to maladaptive emotional responses in adulthood (74). A vicious cycle may therefore exist in EDD, in which stress and the associated proinflammatory state disrupt limbic connectivity, exacerbating ED symptoms and exposing patients to further stress and immune dysregulation.…”

Section: Emotion Regulation and (Neuro)inflammation In Emotion Dysreg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several lines of evidence can be marshalled to support that ELS is associated with heightened systemic inflammation (142)(143)(144)(145)(146)(147) and ED (74,105,(148)(149)(150)(151). Not surprisingly, childhood trauma, a specific form of ELS, confers a heightened risk for developing psychiatric disorders transdiagnostically (152).…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and emotional regulation: a narrative review of evidence and mechanisms in emotional dysregulation disorders

Petruso¹,

Giff²,

Milano³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emotion dysregulation (ED) describes a difficulty with the modulation of which emotions are felt, as well as when and how these emotions are experienced or expressed. It is a focal overarching symptom in many severe and prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases, including bipolar disorders (BD), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). In all these disorders, ED can manifest through symptoms of depression, anxiety, or affective lability. Considering the many similarities in symptoms between BD, ADHD, and BPD, a transdiagnostic approach is a promising lens of investigation. Mounting evidence supports the role of peripheral inflammatory markers and stress in the multifactorial aetiology and physiopathology of BD, ADHD, and BPD. Of note, neural circuits that regulate emotions appear particularly vulnerable to inflammatory insults and peripheral inflammation, which can impact the neuroimmune milieu of the central nervous system. Thus far, few studies have examined the link between ED and inflammation in BD, ADHD, and BPD. To our knowledge, no specific work has provided a critical comparison of the results from these disorders. To fill this gap in the literature, we review the known associations and mechanisms linking ED and inflammation in general, and clinically, in BD, ADHD, and BD. Our narrative review begins with an examination of the routes linking ED and inflammation, followed by a discussion of disorder-specific results accounting for methodological limitations and relevant confounding factors. Finally, we critically discuss both correspondences and discrepancies in the results and comment on potential vulnerability markers and promising therapeutic interventions.

show abstract

“…This study provides us with new insight in the pathophysiology of ADHD, opening a new way to improve the diagnosis of ADHD, based on plasma levels of these lipid species. Rüfenacht and colleagues [7], based on a sample of 470 French-speaking outpatients (N = 279 ADHD, N = 70 BPD, N = 60 ADHD + BPD, N = 61 clinical controls) emphasize the importance of early life adversities in the aetiology of emotion dysregulation in ADHD. They also highlight the mediating effect of insecure attachment in the relationship between history of childhood maltreatment and emotion reactivity and the use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in adult ADHD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%