Linhagens de Trichogramma e Trichogrammatoidea para controle de Stenoma catenifer

Abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar espécies e linhagens de Trichogramma e Trichogrammatoidea, com potencial para controle da broca-do-abacate Stenoma catenifer, considerada a principal praga do abacateiro (Persea americana Mill. Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea strains to control Stenoma cateniferAbstract -The objective of this work was to select Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea species and strains with potential to control the avocado fruit borer Stenoma catenifer, considered the main avocado (Persea americana Mill.) pest. Laboratory experiments were carried out with the following strains and species, which comprised eight Trichogramma pretiosum; one Trichogramma atopovirilia; two Trichogramma bruni; and one Trichogrammatoidea annulata. The number of parasitoids to be released per S. catenifer egg under semi-field conditions was studied. Biological parameters evaluated in laboratory were egg-adult development time, survivorship, parasitism, sex ratio, number of parasitoids emerged per S. catenifer egg, and adult longevity. In semi-field experiment, the number of parasitized eggs was evaluated. The species Trichogrammatoidea annulata, Trichogramma atopovirilia and their strains were selected for the largest number of S. catenifer eggs parasitized. Under semi-field conditions, the highest parasitism was achieved with an estimated ratio of 28 and 30 parasitoids per pest egg, respectively, for Trichogrammatoidea annulata and Trichogramma atopovirilia.

<b>Biological parameters of three <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> strains (Riley, 1879) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (Hübner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Similar results were found by Nava et al (2007) to evaluate the longevity of T. pretiosum L4 strain in Stenoma catenifer eggs, 11.5 days. This feature is important in biological control programs, for longer-lived parasitoids created in H. armigera eggs may have greater efficiency in the field and be able to parasitize for a longer period of time.…”

“…These numbers are acceptable in pest control programs (Nava, Takahashi, & Parra, 2007, Dias, Parra, & Lima, 2008. The concomitant emergence rate of parasitism by the TM and TMC strains may represent an H. armigera control efficiency, which means the mass presence of the parasitoid in the area and consequently reduced pest population density.…”

Selection of Trichogramma species as potential natural enemies for the control of Opogona sacchari (Bojer)

“…The parasitism capacity of T. atopovirilia, that is, the total number of eggs parasitized (eggs that became dark) by one of Trichogramma species, was higher than that of T. pretiosum for eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Beserra et al, 2005) and of Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Nava et al, 2007). In general, T. galloi has a higher parasitism capacity than that of T. pretiosum for Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) eggs, as these eggs are rarely parasitized by T. pretiosum (Monje, 1995).…”

Parasitismo de Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) em hospedeiro alternativo sobre plantas de eucalipto em semi-campo

“…Por exemplo, a porcentagem de parasitismo de ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) e Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick, 1937) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) foi dependente do número de fêmeas de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) liberadas em tomateiro e macieira, respectivamente (PASTORI et al, 2008c;PRATISSOLI et al, 2005b). O maior parasitismo de ovos de Stenoma catenifer W a lsingham, 1912 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) foi obtido com uma proporção estimada de 28 e 30 parasitóides por ovo dessa praga distribuídos em abacateiro, para Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis, 1972 e Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, 1983 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), respectivamente (NAVA et al, 2007). O parasitismo de lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) também, foi influenciado pelo número de casais de Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead, 1890) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) liberados em milho (MATOS NETO et al, 2004).…”