Lingzhi, An Overview

Du, Qing; Cao, Yuxin; Liu, Chang

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75710-6_1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“… Ganoderma was extensively researched by the Chinese because it applied to medicine and food, together with the symbolic happiness and immortality culture, those being recognised as long as 2,000 years ago ( Hapuarachchi et al 2016b , Hapuarachchi et al 2018b , Li et al 2018 , Cui et al 2019 , Du et al 2021 ). Chinese taxonomists emphasised the morphological characteristics, such as stipe, pileus, pores, context, pileipellis terminal cells and basidiospores as keys to identity ( Zhao 1989 , He and Yu 1989 , Zhang 1997 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderma ovisporum sp. nov. (Polyporales, Polyporaceae) from Southwest China

Yang¹,

Ding²,

Wen³

et al. 2022

BDJ

368

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Ganoderma is a white-rot fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution and includes several economically important species. This genus has been extensively researched due to its beneficial medicinal properties and chemical constituents with potential nutritional and therapeutic values. Traditionally, species of Ganoderma were identified solely based on morphology; however, recent molecular studies revealed that many morphology-based species are conspecific. Furthermore, some type species are in poor condition, which hinders us from re-examining their taxonomic characteristics and obtaining their molecular data. Therefore, new species and fresh collections with multigene sequences are needed to fill the loopholes and to understand the biological classification system of Ganoderma. In a survey of Ganoderma in Guizhou Province, southwest China, we found a new species growing on soil and, herein, it was identified by both morphology and phylogenetic evidence. Hence, we propose a new species, Ganoderma ovisporum sp. nov. This species is characterised by an annual, stipitate, laccate basidiome, with a red–brown to brownish-black pileus surface and pale white pores, duplex context, clavate pileipellis terminal cells, trimitic hyphal system, ellipsoid basidiospores with dark brown eusporium bearing coarse echinulae and an obtuse turgid appendix. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the novel species sisters to G. sandunense with high bootstrap support. Furthermore, the RPB2 sequence of G. sandunense is supplied for the first time. Notably, we re-examined the type specimen of G. sandunense and provide a more precise description of the duplex context, pileipellis terminal cells and basidia. All species collected are described and illustrated with coloured photographs. Moreover, we present an updated phylogeny for Ganoderma, based on nLSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF1-α DNA sequence data and species relationships and classification are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderma ovisporum sp. nov. (Polyporales, Polyporaceae) from Southwest China

Yang¹,

Ding²,

Wen³

et al. 2022

BDJ

368

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“…On the basis of the substituent groups, they are classified into different groups such as triterpenoid acids, triterpenoid alcohols and triterpenoid lactones [148]. With the development of separation techniques and extraction methods, structurally diverse triterpenoids were isolated [149,150], which were formed through oxidation, reduction, cleavage, rearrangement and cyclization within MVA pathway [151]. It is known that the bioactivity of GTs has long been the research focus and that new changes of structures can affect their bioactivities [29,152].…”

Section: Structures and Bioactivities Of Triterpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Ganoderma Triterpenoids and Their Bioactivities

et al. 2022

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For centuries, Ganoderma has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries to prevent and treat various diseases. Numerous publications are stating that Ganoderma species have a variety of beneficial medicinal properties, and investigations on different metabolic regulations of Ganoderma species, extracts or isolated compounds have been performed both in vitro and in vivo. However, it has frequently been questioned whether Ganoderma is simply a dietary supplement for health or just a useful “medication” for restorative purposes. More than 600 chemical compounds including alkaloids, meroterpenoids, nucleobases, nucleosides, polysaccharides, proteins, steroids and triterpenes were extracted and identified from Ganoderma, with triterpenes serving as the primary components. In recent years, Ganoderma triterpenes and other small molecular constituents have aroused the interest of chemists and pharmacologists. Meanwhile, considering the significance of the triterpene constituents in the development of new drugs, this review describes 495 compounds from 25 Ganoderma species published between 1984 and 2022, commenting on their source, biosynthetic pathway, identification, biological activities and biosynthesis, together with applications of advanced analytical techniques to the characterization of Ganoderma triterpenoids.

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“…Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is one of the broadly utilized species in the biochemical and pharmaceutical fields. The research grew rapidly on the metabolite or complex produced, for example, ganoderic acid and polysaccharides for their medicinal convenience and was considered a “remedy that could resuscitate the dead” ( Baby et al, 2015 ; Zhou et al, 2015 ; Ahmad et al, 2021 ; Du et al, 2021 ) . These days, Ganoderma has been utilized to prevent and treat numerous kinds of disorders and well-being items that are accepted to have anti-cancer properties, anti-aging, and are hostile to microbial or viral capacities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioreactor-grown exo- and endo-β-glucan from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum: An in vitro and in vivo study for potential antidiabetic treatment

Abdullah

Nasir

Azizan

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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This study aims to identify the roles of exo-β-glucan (EPS-BG) and endo-β-glucan (ENS-BG) extracted from Ganoderma lucidum (GL) in inhibiting the alpha-glucosidase enzyme, a target mechanism for postprandial hyperglycaemia regulation. Upscale production of GL was carried out using a 10 L bioreactor. The zebrafish embryo toxicity test (ZFET) was carried out based on OECD guidelines. The hatching rate, survival rate, heart rate, morphological malformation, and teratogenic defects were observed and determined every 24 h from 0–120 h of post-exposure (hpe). For diabetes induction, adult zebrafish (3–4 months of age) were overfed and induced with three doses of 350 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection (IP) on three different days (days 1, 3, and 5). The oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT) and anti-diabetic activity of EPS-BG and ENS-BG were evaluated (day 7) using the developed model (n = 15). This study showed that EPS is the most potent compound with the highest inhibitory effect toward the alpha-glucosidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 0.1575 mg/ml compared to ENS extracts (IC50 = 0.3479 mg/ml). Both EPS-BG and ENS-BG demonstrated a strong inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity similar to the clinically approved alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose (IC50 = 0.8107 mg/ml). ENS-BG is non-toxic toward zebrafish embryos with LC50 of 0.92 mg/ml and showed no significant changes in ZE hatching and normal heart rate as compared to untreated embryos (161 beats/min). Teratogenic effects of ENS-BG (<1.0 mg/ml) on zebrafish embryonic development were not observed. The DM model of zebrafish was acquired after the third dose of STZ with a fasting BGL of 8.98 ± 0.28 mmol/L compared to the normal healthy group (4.23 ± 0.62 mmol/L). The BGL of DM zebrafish after 30 min treated with EPS-BG and ENS-BG showed a significant reduction (p < 0.0001). Both EPS-BG and ENS-BG significantly reduced DM zebrafish’s peak blood glucose and the area under the curve (AUC) in OSTT. Hence, EPS-BG and ENS-BG extracted from GL showed promising inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme and are considered non-toxic in ZE. Moreover, EPS-BG and ENS-BG reduced blood glucose levels and inhibited hyperglycemia in DM zebrafish.

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Lingzhi, An Overview

Cited by 5 publications

References 106 publications

Ganoderma ovisporum sp. nov. (Polyporales, Polyporaceae) from Southwest China

Ganoderma ovisporum sp. nov. (Polyporales, Polyporaceae) from Southwest China

A Review of Ganoderma Triterpenoids and Their Bioactivities

Bioreactor-grown exo- and endo-β-glucan from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum: An in vitro and in vivo study for potential antidiabetic treatment

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