Linguistic validity and reliability of cariogenic food frequency and oral health knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaires for parents of 6-11 years old children in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Abstract

Introduction: Cariogenic food intake and oral health knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of parents are contributing factors that influence the oral health status of children. As there is lack of a validated questionnaire in Bahasa Melayu (the Malay language) to measure the factors, this cross-sectional study was carried out to establish a linguistically valid and reliable cariogenic food frequency questionnaire (M-CFFQ) and oral health KAp questionnaire (M-OHKApQ) in Bahasa Melayu, for parents of children aged 6-11 years in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Methods: Relevant questionnaires in English were selected and translated to Malay language. This process included forward translation, synthesis, backward translation and consolidation to produce the preliminary drafts of M-CFFQ and M-OHKApQ. pretesting was conducted on ten parents of children from a primary school in Kota Bharu by face-to-face interview. The findings were reviewed to produce the final versions of M-CFFQ and M-OHKApQ. A test-retest reliability study was undertaken involving 49 parents. The participants were asked to answer the final M-CFFQ and M-OHKApQ versions twice, within a 7-14 days interval. Data collected were entered into IBM SppS version 22 software and analysed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) test. Results: Semantic, idiomatic, experiential, conceptual as well as content and face validity issues were successfully resolved. Fifteen categories of food/drinks for M-CFFQ and 26 items/questions M-OHKApQ were produced. The total ICC values achieved for M-CFFQ and M-OHKApQ were 0.887 and 0.807, respectively. Conclusion: The M-CFFQ and M-OHKApQ appeared to be linguistically valid and reliable with excellent test-retest reliability (ICC>0.80).

Psychometric Properties of Food Frequency Questionnaires Used in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

“…Table 1 summarizes the information found in the included articles [Psoter et al, 2008;Shinga-Ishihara et al, 2014;Custodio-Lumsden et al, 2016;Devenish et al, 2017;Amezdroz et al, 2019;Ngah et al, 2019;Devenish et al, 2020;Patenaude et al, 2020]. Most of the studies were conducted in the American continent, in the USA [Custodio-Lumsden et al, 2016], Canada [Patenaude et al, 2020], and Haiti [Psoter et al, 2008].…”

“…Most of the studies were conducted in the American continent, in the USA [Custodio-Lumsden et al, 2016], Canada [Patenaude et al, 2020], and Haiti [Psoter et al, 2008]. Two studies were carried out in Asia, in Japan [Shinga-Ishihara et al, 2014] and Malaysia [Ngah et al, 2019], and two in Oceania, both in Australia [Devenish et al, 2017;Amezdroz et al, 2019]. The instruments available in the literature are in English [Custodio-Lumsden et al, 2016;Devenish et al, 2017;Amezdroz et al, 2019;Patenaude et al, 2020], Japanese [Shinga-Ishihara et al, 2014], Creole [Psoter et al, 2008], and Malay [Ngah et al, 2019].…”

“…Two studies were carried out in Asia, in Japan [Shinga-Ishihara et al, 2014] and Malaysia [Ngah et al, 2019], and two in Oceania, both in Australia [Devenish et al, 2017;Amezdroz et al, 2019]. The instruments available in the literature are in English [Custodio-Lumsden et al, 2016;Devenish et al, 2017;Amezdroz et al, 2019;Patenaude et al, 2020], Japanese [Shinga-Ishihara et al, 2014], Creole [Psoter et al, 2008], and Malay [Ngah et al, 2019]. Only one study performed translation and crosscultural validation of an instrument [Shinga-Ishihara et al, 2014], whereas the others were construction studies [Shinga-Ishihara et al, 2014], built and adapted the instrument from an English version [Evens, 1997] to Japanese.…”

“…One instrument [Psoter et al, 2008] performed a joint dietary assessment of parents and their children. Two studies [Devenish et al, 2017;Ngah et al, 2019] obtained information on the frequency of food consumption from parents of children to assess the family's habitual consumption. Four studies validated their instruments in an adult population and one [Shinga-Ishihara et al, 2014] applied the Japanese version of the FFQ to pregnant women.…”

“…Complete validation of the instrument, considering the categories evaluated by COSMIN, was performed only by Shinga-Ishihara et al [2014]. Five studies were identified [Psoter et al, 2008;Custodio-Lumsden et al, 2016;Amezdroz et al, 2019;Ngah et al, 2019;Patenaude et al, 2020] that analyzed at least one psychometric property (linguistic validation, test-retest reliability and reproducibility, expert panel, pilot test, criterion validity, and internal consistency). Only one study did not assess any psychometric property [Devenish et al, 2017].…”