Linguistic Relations Across Bering Strait

Swadesh, Morris

doi:10.1525/aa.1962.64.6.02a00090

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The best known is undoubtedly that of Greenberg (1987), who claimed to have reduced all the languages of South America, Mesoamerica, and most of North America to a single huge family (‘Amerind’; for discussion of the problems with Greenberg's approach, see Campbell 1988). Swadesh (1959, 1962) was not far behind with his proposal of four genetic units for South American languages. Many other claims for long‐range relationship have been put forward; Kaufman (1990, 1994; see Campbell 1997) considers some of these in his tentative hypotheses for higher‐level groupings, although to date very few have gained widespread acceptance, and some have been generally dismissed upon closer scrutiny.…”

Section: Relationships Due To Common Descentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Classification, Language Contact, and Amazonian Prehistory

Epps

2009

Language and Linguist. Compass

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The linguistic map of Amazonia presents a startling jumble of languages and language families. While some families – most notably Carib, Arawak, Macro‐Jê, and Tupí– are distributed widely throughout the region, their spread is interspersed with many dozens of tiny, localized families and language isolates, particularly in the Amazonian periphery. At the same time, distributions of lexical, grammatical, and phonological features suggest that this linguistic patchwork is overlaid in places by contact regions, where multilingualism has fostered lexical and/or structural resemblances among languages. This complex distribution of languages and linguistic features presents many challenges to our understanding of Amazonian prehistory. How did Amazonia's language families arrive at their present distribution? Why did some families spread over huge distances, while others came to occupy only tiny geographical pockets or are limited to a single language? What kinds of interactions among peoples led to the formation of contact zones, and how are these regions defined? Complicating these questions further is the fact that very little is known about many Amazonian languages, and relationships among them are in many cases a matter of conjecture. This article surveys our current understanding of language classification and language contact in Amazonia, and addresses various perspectives concerning the implications of these relationships for Amazonian prehistory.

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Section: Relationships Due To Common Descentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Classification, Language Contact, and Amazonian Prehistory

Epps

2009

Language and Linguist. Compass

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“…Furthermore, Eskimo-Aleut is probably related to Chukchee-Kamchatkan (Swadesh, 1962) and the area of maximum linguistic diversity for this larger linguistic group is near the Bering Strait. Furthermore, Eskimo-Aleut is probably related to Chukchee-Kamchatkan (Swadesh, 1962) and the area of maximum linguistic diversity for this larger linguistic group is near the Bering Strait.…”

Section: Glacial Refucia and The Native American Trichotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Native American Biological Diversity and the Biogeographic Influence of Ice Age Refugia

Rogers¹,

Rogers²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 1991

Journal of Biogeography

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Wiley-Blackwell is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Biogeography.Abstract. The Wisconsin glaciation divided North America into a number of ice-free refugia for flora and fauna. Patterns of variation of certain North American mammalian species have been interpreted as a product of biological differentiation arising from isolation in these refugia. Recently, a tripartite biological and linguistic division of human populations in North America has been proposed by a number of researchers. The tripartite division in biological and linguistic traits correlates with three ice-free refugia that existed during the Wisconsin. These refugia would have provided the necessary isolation for the development of biologically and linguistically divergent groups. The human data can be seen as part of a broader pattern of glacial influences on biological variation among North American mammals.

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“…3. The historical relationship between the Eskimo and Chukchi languages is still debatable, although the research of Swadesh (1962) appears to indicate some as yet undefined form of historical connection.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

A. F. Kashevarov's coastal explorations in Northwest Alaska, 1838 / edited with an introd. by James W. Vanstone -- ; translated by David H. Kraus --

Kashevarov¹,

Kraus²,

VanStone³

1977

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Bockstoce. Their thorough knowledge of the geography, history, and ethnology of northwest Alaska has helped me to avoid numerous errors. In spite of their diligent efforts, there may still be a few for which I alone am responsible.The translation of Kashevarov's journal was undertaken with financial support from the James R. Getz Fund of Field Museum of Natural History. David H. Kraus of the Library of Congress, translator of the journal, the appendix, and some of the material used in the introduction, also performed many editorial services. The collaboration, as in the past, has been a happy one. Henry N. Michael helped to resolve certain problems of terminology which had puzzled both the translator and the editor. Valuable assistance in obtaining biographical information on Kashevarov was provided by Dr. Svetlana G. Fedorova of the Institute of Ethnography in Moscow. The maps were drawn by Richard Roesener and the manuscript typed by Kathleen S. Fine.* Having surveyed this country on behalf of the Russian-American Company from Kotzebue Sound to Cape Wrangell-my farthest point-over a distance of almost 500 Italian miles (875 versts), I was in all the settlements of the savages. To the coast I described, running from the northernmost limit of North America, Point Barrow (the native name for which is Kiballyu) to the East, I have given the name:

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Linguistic Relations Across Bering Strait

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Language Classification, Language Contact, and Amazonian Prehistory

Language Classification, Language Contact, and Amazonian Prehistory

Native American Biological Diversity and the Biogeographic Influence of Ice Age Refugia

A. F. Kashevarov's coastal explorations in Northwest Alaska, 1838 / edited with an introd. by James W. Vanstone -- ; translated by David H. Kraus --

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