“…In recent decades, the container cargo allocation/assignment problem has attracted much attention in the maritime studies, for example, Ronen (1983), Christiansen et al (2004), Branchini et al (2015), Brouer et al (2011), Song and Dong (2012), Christiansen et al (2013), Bell et al (2013), Brouer et al (2014), Norstad et al (2011), Wang et al (2014b), Karsten et al (2015), to name but a few. For instance, Brouer et al (2011) investigated the cargo allocation problem subject to the availability of empty containers and put forward both arc-flow and path-flow formulations.…”