Linearly Polarized Hard X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy of PrBe₁₃

Abstract

We demonstrate that the linear dichroism (LD) in core-level hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy can reveal not only the crystalline-electric-field ground state but also the excited state in cubic Pr compounds by the temperature dependence of LD in core-level photoemission of cubic PrBe 13. The observed LDs are well reproduced by the theoretical analysis for the Γ 1 ground state and Γ 4 firstexcited state.