Linearization of Composite Material Damage Model Results and Its Impact on the Subsequent Stress–Strain Analysis

Abstract

To solve problems in the field of mechanical engineering efficiently, individual numerical procedures must be developed, and solvers must be adapted. This study applies the results of a carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) analysis along with the nonlinear finite element damage (FE) method to the translation of a linear solver. The analyzed tensile test sample is modelled using the ply-by-ply method. To describe the nonlinear post-damage behavior of the material, the Hashin model is used. To validate the transformation, an analysis and comparison of the damage results of the linearized and nonlinear model is carried out. Job linearization was performed by collecting elements into groups based on their level of damage and pairing them with unique material cards. Potentially suitable mathematical functions are tested for the grouping and consolidation of the elements. The results show that the agreement of some presented methods depends on the damage level. The influence of the selected statistical functions on the result is shown here. The optimal solution is demonstrated, and the most efficient method of linearization is presented. The main motivation behind this work is that the problem has not been discussed in the literature and that there is currently no commercial software translator that provides the transference of models between solvers.

Strain-Field Modifications in the Surroundings of Impact Damage of Carbon/Epoxy Laminate

“…After simulating the impact with material failure [28][29][30][31][32][33], the task was linearized, and the results were reformulated for the Abaqus/Standard solver. Linearization was performed using the procedure detailed in [34,35]. Its purpose is to replace several damage modes with a single material card.…”

The quasi-static puncture resistance of flexible impregnated nonwovens made by filament or staple polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers

“…The results exhibit that the composite has good puncture resistance, the interlayer structure dissipates puncture energy to a certain extent, and the LMPET layer avoids the sliding of the filament during the needle punching process, thus improving the overall mechanical properties of the laminated composite. Due to excellent high strength and high modulus, carbon fiber (Samal et al ., 2016a, b; Samal, 2022; Vlach et al ., 2022a, b) is also widely used as an interlayer reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of composites. Another way is to enhance the static puncture resistance of materials by structural design and optimization.…”

Study on the Influence of Delamination Damage on the Processing Quality of Composite Laminates

“…The delamination propagation path first extends along the width direction to the center, and then along the length direction [ 25 , 26 ]. Further research showed that the damage is layer-dependent in a laminate, and different fiber materials influence the delamination resistance in different ways [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The closer the delamination is to the surface, the lower the bearing capacity of the specimen, and the easier it is for interface cracking, interlaminar cracking, and fiber fracture to occur.…”