Linearity measurements of critical Johnson noise thermometer components with low-distortion multitones from a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer

Kraus, Marco; Drung, D.; Krause, Christian; Palafox, L.; Behr, R.

doi:10.1088/1361-6501/abd1fc

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Since the DART's reference voltage is not required in JRN mode, figure 1(b) represents a good approximation of the final calibration setup without analog noise dither. The effect of dither on gain linearity was investigated in this work by using a synthetic noise dither integrated into the pulse pattern code of the JAWS calibration signal [14].…”

Section: Dart Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The setup used in this work is similar to that of previous measurements. It provides optimal shielding and effectively mitigates systematic amplitude deviations that occur in a JAWS at higher signal frequencies (see [14,20] for more details).…”

Section: Jaws Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multitone signal is tailored for the calibration of the signal path gain in the ADC's frequency range from DC to 225 kHz. It comprises a relatively small number of tones N and exhibits a relatively high rms value V rms [13,14]. All tones have the same amplitude V rms / √ N. They are odd multiples of the pattern repetition frequency f p , which eliminates the effect of even harmonics and intermodulation products [22,23].…”

Section: Multitone Calibration Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, ∆k 0 specifies the spacing between the lowest tone f 0 = k 0 f p and its adjacent f 1 = k 1 f p . A suitable selection of parameters results in a 'low-distortion' multitone pattern without harmonics or third-order intermodulation products coinciding with any of the tones [14]. This also strongly suppresses the effect of high-order odd harmonic distortion products.…”

Section: Multitone Calibration Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, the calibration of the measurement electronics was performed without using a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) [12]. In the meantime, we have implemented improved hardware components for the DART and concepts for calibration with a JAWS [13,14]. In particular, a final prototype of the DART's basic signal path was realized, which consists of a low-noise amplifier and a 24-bit Σ∆ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Calibration of the dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer with few-parts-per-million uncertainty

Drung

Kraus

Krause

2021

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer (DART) has recently been proposed for highly accurate temperature measurement based on noise thermometry. In this paper, it is demonstrated that calibration and operation of the DART at part-per-million (ppm) level should be possible with the hardware developed. For this purpose, we have extensively tested a representative signal path comprising the basic DART components. This includes a low-noise amplifier connected to a 24-bit Σ∆ ADC and a metrology-grade voltage reference. A Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) generates a pseudo-noise consisting of low-distortion multitones superimposed on a low-frequency square-wave reference voltage. Using this signal, a fast and efficient calibration scheme for the signal path gain is demonstrated. The reference voltage stabilizes the gain at ppm level. We observed gain fluctuations within ±2 µV V −1 over a period of 19 d, a temperature coefficient of −0.5 µV V −1 K −1 , and insignificant nonlinearity within an uncertainty band of ±2 µV V −1 for rms input levels between 5 µV and 80 µV. The behavior of the signal path with a 300 Ω resistor as a noise source was also investigated. From the observed stability of the voltage reference and flatness of the noise gain between 10 kHz and 225 kHz, we estimate that the presented hardware components are suitable for temperature measurements with systematic uncertainties well below 10 µK K −1 .

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Section: Dart Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jaws Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multitone Calibration Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multitone Calibration Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calibration of the dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer with few-parts-per-million uncertainty

Drung

Kraus

Krause

2021

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer: A novel approach with Johnson noise thermometry

Drung

Krause

2021

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer (DART) is presented. The novel DART concept combines in one instrument the fast and accurate resistance thermometry with the primary method of Johnson noise thermometry. Unlike previous approaches, the new thermometer measures the spectral density of the thermal noise in the sensing resistor directly in a sequential measurement procedure without using correlation techniques. A sophisticated data analysis corrects the thermometer output for both the parasitic effects of the sensor wiring and the amplifier current noise. The instrument features a highly linear low-noise DC coupled amplifier with negative feedback as well as an accurate voltage reference and reference resistor to improve the gain stability over time and ambient temperature. Therefore, the system needs only infrequent calibrations with electrical quantum standards and can be operated over long intervals and a wide temperature range without recalibration. A first prototype is designed for the industrially relevant temperature range of the IEC 60751 (−200 °C to +850 °C); a later extension of the measurement range is being considered. A proof-of-principle measurement with a calibrated Pt100 sensor at room temperature yielded an uncertainty of about 100 µK/K. The final device is expected to reach uncertainties of below 10 µK/K, suitable for accurate measurements of the difference between thermodynamic temperatures and temperatures traceable to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).

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Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB

Behr

Bauer

Herick

et al. 2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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60 years after the discovery of the Josephson effect, electrical DC voltage calibrations are routinely performed worldwide - mostly using automated Josephson voltage standards (JVS). Nevertheless, the field of electrical quantum voltage metrology is still propagating towards AC applications. In the past 10 years the fabrication of highly integrated arrays containing more than 50 000 or even 300 000 junctions has achieved a very robust level providing highly functional devices. Such reliable Josephson arrays are the basis for many novel applications mainly focussing on precision ac measurements for signal frequencies up to 500 kHz. Two versions of quantum AC standards are being employed. Programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS), based on series arrays divided into subarrays, reach amplitudes up to 20 V and usually are used as quantum voltage reference in measurement systems. Pulse driven arrays reach amplitudes up to 1 V or even 4 V and are typically used as Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers (JAWS). This paper summarizes the principal contributions from PTB to the present state of Josephson voltage standards with particular focus on developments for precision metrological applications and our proof-of-concept demonstrations.

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Linearity measurements of critical Johnson noise thermometer components with low-distortion multitones from a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Calibration of the dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer with few-parts-per-million uncertainty

Calibration of the dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer with few-parts-per-million uncertainty

Dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer: A novel approach with Johnson noise thermometry

Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB

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