Linear α-alcohols production from supercritical ethanol over Cu/Al2O3 catalyst

High Performing and Stable Cu/NiAlOx Catalysts for the Continuous Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol into Butanol

“…In comparison with noble metal catalysts, Cu and Ni represent excellent alternatives for the Guerbet coupling reaction, due to the low cost, easy availability and good hydrogen storage capacity [25–30] . However, the major challenge of utilizing the supported Cu and Ni‐based catalyst lies in the facile agglomeration of metal species during catalysis, resulting in a quick deactivation of the catalyst under the continuous operating conditions [10,14,26] . Till now, very few studies have evaluated the catalysts for long time stability, even though some of them have exhibited a decent ethanol activity and butanol selectivity [29,30] …”

Effects of Support on the Formation and Activity of Gold Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion to Butanol

“…In view of the potential activity of oxides in ethanol conversion [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], it was important to investigate the parameters of ethanol conversion in the presence of pure supports before testing Au/Al 2 O 3 , Au/TiO 2 , Au/ZrO 2 , and Au/SiO 2 . Knowing that the optimum temperature for ethanol conversion to butanol in the presence of various oxide and supported catalysts is 275°C [13,21], we used this temperature to test the activity of the supports.…”

“…To date, the effects of the size [11,17,18] and phase composition [19,20] of Au particles, the reaction temperature [20], and the ethanol state [19][20][21] on the ethanol-to-butanol synthesis rate have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that alumina-immobilized gold particles generate Au 0 -Al 2 O 3 active sites, which, under optimal conditions (275°C, supercritical ethanol), provide ethanol conversion with 70% target product selectivity.…”

“…Catalytic conversion of ethanol. The catalytic tests were carried out on a Parr 5000 Series autoclave-type unit at 275°C (pre-selected optimal temperature) [13,21]. In the standard experiment setting, 30 mL of ethanol and 5 g of the catalyst were placed in the reactor.…”

Bio-DEE Synthesis and Dehydrogenation Coupling of Bio-Ethanol to Bio-Butanol over Multicomponent Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts

“…The direct transformation of ethanol into 1-butanol is described as being catalyzed by solid bases [70]. For such catalysts, mechanistic studies have shown that ethanol dimerization is the preferred mechanism, which is usually supported by the fact that expected reaction intermediates are detected [71,72]. In general, two alternative mechanisms have been proposed for alcohol coupling, namely, a Guerbet reaction or a direct condensation mechanism (Figure 6) [71,72].…”