Linear variable filter based oil condition monitoring systems for offshore windturbines

Wiesent, Benjamin R.; Dorigo, D.G.; Simsek, Özlem; Koch, Alexander W.

doi:10.1117/12.891505

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Another method of improving the CM is the use of several sensors [70] to analyze different oil characteristics. Another method of oil condition monitoring is [71] based on a linear variable filter (LVF) as a dispersive element in an infrared configuration. With the use of singular spectrum analysis (SSA) [72], certain fluctuations in pressure in the hydraulic brake circuit were found, which were correlated with failures in the gearbox, showing that it is a new useful technique as an indicator of failure for maintenance.…”

Section: Condition-monitoring System (Cm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Tendencies in Wind Energy Operation and Maintenance

et al. 2021

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Both the reduction in operating and maintenance (O&M) costs and improved reliability have become top priorities in wind turbine maintenance strategies. O&M costs typically account for 20% to 25% of the total levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of current wind power systems. This paper provides a general review of the state of the art of research conducted on wind farm maintenance in recent years. It shows the new methods and techniques, focusing on trends and future challenges. In addition to this, this work includes a review of the following items: (i) operation and maintenance, (ii) failure rate, (iii) reliability, (iv) condition monitoring, (v) maintenance strategies, (vi) maintenance and life cycle and (vii) maintenance optimization As for offshore wind turbines, it is crucial to limit the maximum faults, since the maintenance of these wind farms is more complex both technically and logistically. Research into wind farm maintenance increased by 87% between 2007 and 2019, with more than 38,000 papers (Scopus) including “wind energy” as the main topic and some keywords related to O&M costs. The LCOE in onshore wind projects has decreased by 45%, while in offshore projects it has decreased by 28%. The O&M costs of onshore wind projects fell 52%, while in the case of offshore projects, they have declined 45%. Thus, the results obtained in this paper suggest that there is a change in research on wind farm operation and maintenance, as in recent years, scientific interest in failure has been increasing, while interest in the various techniques of wind farm maintenance and operation has been decreasing.

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Section: Condition-monitoring System (Cm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Tendencies in Wind Energy Operation and Maintenance

et al. 2021

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“…For this concept, CCD-or CMOS-line detector arrays for the visiblenear infrared range [4] and pyroelectric or InGaAs detector arrays for the infrared range [5][6] are used. The spectral resolution of such systems is in the nanometer region only and they are thus unsuitable for the read out of most optical wavelength shift sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filter-based interrogation unit for optical wavelength shift sensors

Wuchrer

Härtling

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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We present a filter-based spectrometer consisting of a dielectric thin film filter with a lateral-spectral transmission gradient (linear variable filter) and a position detector which allows high resolution in wavelength shift registration. The resolving capacity of two interrogation unit variants (with segmented and homogeneous position detector, respectively) is examined using a monochromatic tunable light source. On the basis of the obtained results, we discuss several advantages and drawbacks of this interrogation approach

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“…1 Miniaturized Infrared (IR) spectrometers for in-situ applications are already under development. 2,3 In this paper, we propose an alternative method for gear-oil evaluation based on fluorescence spectra analysis elucidating the potential of this technique for in-situ application. The results are compared to those obtained from the well-known evaluation of IR spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence spectroscopy: a promising tool for gear-oil condition monitoring

Dorigo¹,

Wiesent²,

Simsek³

et al. 2012

Optical Sensing and Detection II

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Wind power is one of the most promising green energy sources, especially when produced in offshore power plants. Corrective operations in wind turbines cause a considerable part of the maintenance costs of such plants. One preventive action for reducing such operations is the periodic off-line control of oil samples from the wind turbines. The time delay between sampling and availability of the results is a major disadvantage of this kind of controlling. In-situ condition monitoring is a solution to this problem. In-situ monitoring allows real time detection of random, time discrete events, thus enabling a better scheduling of preventive actions and reducing costs and downtime.Fluorescence spectroscopy is a complementary technique to absorption spectroscopy. Due to absorption of UV or visible light, the electrons of specific molecules are excited from a ground electronic state to a vibrational state of higher energy. By collision with other molecules, the excited electron looses a part of the acquired energy and relaxes to a lower vibrational state. The remaining acquired energy is emitted during the electron's transition to the ground state. The resulting frequency shift between excitation and emission energy, known as Stokes shift, is unique and characteristic for each active molecule.In this paper gear-oil condition monitoring based on fluorescence spectroscopy is proposed. Three typical commercial gear-oils for wind turbines were studied. The spectra gained by UV excitation of the samples were analyzed by means of partial least square (PLS) regression. Good prediction results were obtained for the total acid number (TAN). The latter is a measure for the oil acidity and is considered to be a proxy variable for oil age.Other parameters delivering information about gear-oil additive depletion and the related oil aging condition, like phosphor, sulfur and molybdenum concentration, were also analyzed.

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Linear variable filter based oil condition monitoring systems for offshore windturbines

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

New Tendencies in Wind Energy Operation and Maintenance

New Tendencies in Wind Energy Operation and Maintenance

Filter-based interrogation unit for optical wavelength shift sensors

Fluorescence spectroscopy: a promising tool for gear-oil condition monitoring

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