Abstract:This work presents the experimental determination of fracture mechanics parameters of composite specimens manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF) with continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic filaments, based on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). The critical mode I translaminar fracture toughness (KIc) and the critical energy release rate (GIc) are found for unidirectional and cross-ply laminates. The specimens were submitted to quasi-static tensile testing. Digital Image Correlation (… Show more
“…For 3D-printed CFRCs, research in terms of translaminar fracture toughness focused on the mode I translaminar fracture toughness. According to the ASTM D5045 Translaminar ASTM D5045 [47,48] ASTM E1922-04 [49] ASTM STP 410 [50] Mode II Interlaminar ASTM D7905 [24,37,40,51] ISO 15114 [39,40,42] Mixed mode Interlaminar ASTM D6671 [40] standard, the compact tension (CT) was used to characterize mode I fracture toughness. 47 In addition, testing of semi-circular Bending (SCB) specimens and double edge notch tension (DET) specimens could also be applied to characterize mode I fracture toughness in 3D-printed continuous fiber reinforced specimens.…”
Section: Fracture Toughness Test Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…47 In addition, testing of semi-circular Bending (SCB) specimens and double edge notch tension (DET) specimens could also be applied to characterize mode I fracture toughness in 3D-printed continuous fiber reinforced specimens. 50,54 Besides, according to ASTM E1922-04, Zhang et al 49 conducted the uniaxial tensile tests of single-edge notched plates to characterize the translaminar fracture toughness of 3D-printed CFRCs. Lastly, to the authors' knowledge, there were few studies about the intralaminar fracture toughness of 3D-printed CFRCs due to the lack of accepted standards.…”
Section: Fracture Toughness Test Methodsmentioning
Fracture toughness is a critical parameter in the evaluation of a component's structural integrity and damage tolerance. For 3D‐printed continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique, the fracture behavior differed from that of composites manufactured by traditional processes due to the presence of voids and interfaces at different scales, receiving significant attention. Recently published research attempted to apply various testing standards (for other materials) to investigate the fracture behavior of 3D‐printed CFRCs. In these results, the fracture toughness of CFRCs was influenced by the manufacturing parameters dependent on structural porosity and interfacial bonding quality. This paper reviewed fracture toughness measurement standards compatible with CFRCs, factors influencing fracture behavior, and methods improving the fracture toughness of CFRCs. Lastly, this review explored limitations in current studies focused on fracture toughness measurement of 3D‐printed CFRCs and future perspectives for the fabrication of 3D‐printed CFRCs with improved fracture toughness.Highlights
This review focuses on fracture toughness measurement standards compatible with 3D‐printed continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs).
The manufacturing parameters influencing fracture behavior and methods improving fracture toughness were summarized.
This review explores limitations in current studies focused on fracture toughness measurement of 3D‐printed CFRCs.
“…For 3D-printed CFRCs, research in terms of translaminar fracture toughness focused on the mode I translaminar fracture toughness. According to the ASTM D5045 Translaminar ASTM D5045 [47,48] ASTM E1922-04 [49] ASTM STP 410 [50] Mode II Interlaminar ASTM D7905 [24,37,40,51] ISO 15114 [39,40,42] Mixed mode Interlaminar ASTM D6671 [40] standard, the compact tension (CT) was used to characterize mode I fracture toughness. 47 In addition, testing of semi-circular Bending (SCB) specimens and double edge notch tension (DET) specimens could also be applied to characterize mode I fracture toughness in 3D-printed continuous fiber reinforced specimens.…”
Section: Fracture Toughness Test Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…47 In addition, testing of semi-circular Bending (SCB) specimens and double edge notch tension (DET) specimens could also be applied to characterize mode I fracture toughness in 3D-printed continuous fiber reinforced specimens. 50,54 Besides, according to ASTM E1922-04, Zhang et al 49 conducted the uniaxial tensile tests of single-edge notched plates to characterize the translaminar fracture toughness of 3D-printed CFRCs. Lastly, to the authors' knowledge, there were few studies about the intralaminar fracture toughness of 3D-printed CFRCs due to the lack of accepted standards.…”
Section: Fracture Toughness Test Methodsmentioning
Fracture toughness is a critical parameter in the evaluation of a component's structural integrity and damage tolerance. For 3D‐printed continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique, the fracture behavior differed from that of composites manufactured by traditional processes due to the presence of voids and interfaces at different scales, receiving significant attention. Recently published research attempted to apply various testing standards (for other materials) to investigate the fracture behavior of 3D‐printed CFRCs. In these results, the fracture toughness of CFRCs was influenced by the manufacturing parameters dependent on structural porosity and interfacial bonding quality. This paper reviewed fracture toughness measurement standards compatible with CFRCs, factors influencing fracture behavior, and methods improving the fracture toughness of CFRCs. Lastly, this review explored limitations in current studies focused on fracture toughness measurement of 3D‐printed CFRCs and future perspectives for the fabrication of 3D‐printed CFRCs with improved fracture toughness.Highlights
This review focuses on fracture toughness measurement standards compatible with 3D‐printed continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs).
The manufacturing parameters influencing fracture behavior and methods improving fracture toughness were summarized.
This review explores limitations in current studies focused on fracture toughness measurement of 3D‐printed CFRCs.
“…The result indicated that composite parts can be used to support load during tension, as the ruptured fibers in the fracture interface showed that the load was effectively transferred from the matrix to the fiber reinforcement for better properties. 61 Figure 12(c) and (d) show the optical micrographs of specimens with grid and triangular infill patterns after performing flexural test. A ruptured region can be observed, where the maximum bending force was applied, and the layers were fractured.…”
Section: Fracture Interface Study Of the 3d Printed Porous Ccfrpc Str...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The result indicated that composite parts can be used to support load during tension, as the ruptured fibers in the fracture interface showed that the load was effectively transferred from the matrix to the fiber reinforcement for better properties. 61 Figure 12.The optical micrographs of the 3D printed porous composite specimen’s fracture interface after performing; tensile test with (a) grid infill pattern (b) triangular infill pattern; and flexural test with (c) grid infill pattern (d) triangular infill pattern.…”
Section: Materials Experimental Set-up and Testing Proceduresmentioning
Additive manufacturing is a development of fabricating 3D parts layer by layer with complex geometries and utilized in numerous engineering structural applications. Fused deposition modeling technology provides higher design flexibility with aim of low cost and simplicity of material conversion to generate the composite parts. Previous studies have mainly focused on the manufacturing and characterization of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CCFRPCs) structure for fully dense and solid part structures and no study has been reported for porous CCFRPC parts. In this study, CCFRPCs porous structures were manufactured using FDM technology. The porous structures were fabricated with one perimeter shell by using two different types of infill patterns (grid and triangular) at three different infill densities levels (20%, 40%, and 60%). The reasons for developing such lightweight porous composite structures with continuous carbon fiber are the reduction of mass, efficient material utilization, energy consumption, and less waste generation. This study investigated the effects on tensile and flexural properties of composite specimens under uniaxial tensile loading and flexural loading, respectively. Fracture interface of the printed porous composites were examined and explored using optical microscope after performing mechanical tests. The experimental results demonstrated that infill pattern and density levels greatly affect the mechanical properties. The specimen printed using grid infill pattern with 60% infill density exhibited highest strength level in term of mechanical test and showed maximum tensile and flexural strength of 162.9 MPa and 127.24 MPa, respectively. While triangular infill pattern with 60% infill density level revealed the maximum tensile and flexural strength of 152.62 MPa and 117.53 MPa, respectively. Hence, from the results achieved in this study showed great potential and ability to replace fully dense and solid structure by the porous structure.
“…Over recent years, the Additive Manufacturing (AM) of reinforced polymers has been playing an important role in the production of high-performance components, opening the door for new applications in the manufacturing of lightweight structures. Inserted into the material extrusion-based category, the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], often referred to by the term 3D printing, is an Additive Manufacturing process that can work with continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. From a mechanical behavior point of view, both the printing process parameters and individual constituent characteristics, e.g., fiber distribution, affect the resulting performance of 3D-printed composite materials [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”
The present work describes a methodology to compute equivalent volumes representing the microstructure of 3D-printed continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, based on a statistical characterization of the fiber distribution. In contrast to recent work, the methodology herein presented determines the statistically equivalent fiber distribution directly from cross-section micrographs, instead of generating random fiber arrangements. For this purpose, several regions, with different sizes and from different locations, are cropped from main cross-section micrographs and different spatial descriptor functions are adopted to characterize the microstructures in terms of agglomeration and periodicity of the fibers. Detailed information about the adopted spatial descriptors and the algorithm implemented to identify the fiber distribution, as well as to define the location of cropped regions, are given. From the obtained statistical characterization results, the minimum size of the equivalent volume required to be representative of the fiber distribution, which is found in the cross-section micrographs of 3D-printed composite materials, is presented. To support the findings, as well as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the homogenized properties are also computed using representative equivalent volumes obtained in the statistical characterization and the results are compared to those experimentally measured, which are available in the literature.
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